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NBDE 1 > Anatomy Memorization > Flashcards

Anatomy Memorization Flashcards

1
Q

Bones of Orbit

A 
Frontal
Maxilla
Zygoma
Ethmoid
Sphenoid
Lacrimal
Palatine
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2
Q

Zygomatic Bone

A

Part of lateral wall and floor of orbit
Parts of temporal and infratemporal fossa
Articulates w/ maxilla (anteriorly), temporal bone (posteriorly) and frontal bone (superiorly)

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3
Q

Maxilla - Components, boundaries of, and fossae

A

Has body and four processes - zygomatic, frontal, alveolar and palatine

Boundaries of: roof of mouth (palate), floor and lateral wall of nose, floor of orbit

Two fossae: Infratemporal and pterygopalatine

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4
Q

Infratemporal Boundaries - Anterior, posterior, medial, lateral

A

Posterior maxilla

Temporal bone (articular tubercle) and spine of sphenoid

Lateral pterygoid plate (sphenoid)

Mandibular ramus

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5
Q

Infratemporal fossa Boundaries - Roof, floor

A

Greater wing of spehnoid (w/ foramen ovale)

Medial pterygoid muscle

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6
Q

Infratemporal Fossa Contents

A

Temporalis and pterygoid muscles

Maxillary artery and branches

Pterygoid plexus of veins

Mandibular nerve

Chorda Tympani

Otic ganglion (CN 9)

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7
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa Boundaries - Anterior, posterior, medial, lateral, roof, floor

A

Maxilla

Pterygoid plates

Nasal Fossa

Infratemporal fossa

Greater wing of sphenoid (opens into IOF)

Pyramidal process of palatine bone

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8
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa Contents

A

Pterygopalatine (3rd part) part of maxillary artery and branches

Maxillary Nerve

Nerve of pterygoid canal

Pterygopalatine ganglion and branches

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9
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Lateral Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Pterygomaxillary Fissure
Posterior Superior Alveolar NAV
Infratemporal fossa

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10
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Anterosuperior Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Inferior orbital fissure

CN V2

Orbit

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11
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Posterosuperior Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Foramen rotundum and pterygoid canal

CN V2; nerve of pterygoid canal (formed by deep and greater petrosal nerves)

Middle cranial fossa

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12
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Medial Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Sphenopalatine foramen

Sphenopalatine artery and vein, nasopalatine nerve

Nasal cavity

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13
Q

Pterygopalatine Fossa - Inferior Communication

Passageway
Contents Passing
Space

A

Palatine canals

Greater and lesser palatine NAVs

Oral cavity

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14
Q

Nasal Septum Bones

A

Vertical plate of ethmoid
Vomer
Nasal crest of maxilla and palatine bones
Nasal crest of sphenoid bone

Septal cartilage

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15
Q

Kisselbach’s Plexus - 5 arteries anastomosis

A 
Sphenopalatine artery (maxillary a)
Greater palatine artery (maxillary a)
Superior labial artery (facial a)
Anterior ethmoid artery (opthalmic a)
Lateral nasal branches from facial a
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16
Q

Nasolacrimal Apparatus Drainage

A

Inferior meatus

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17
Q

Frontal Sinuses Drainage

A

Hiatus semilunaris (middle meatus)

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18
Q

Maxillary sinuses Drainage

A

Middle meatus - ostium (within hiatus semilunaris)

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19
Q

Ethmoid sinuses Drainage

Anterior
Middle
Posterior

A

Hiatus semilunaris

Ethmoidal bullae

Superior meatus

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20
Q

Sphenoid sinus drainage

A

Sphenoethmoidal recess of nasal cavity

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21
Q

Epidural hematoma
Subdural hematoma
Subarachnoid hemorrhage

A

Middle meningeal artery

Bridging vein

Ruptured aneurysm (ex: anterior communicating a)

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22
Q

Falx Cerebri (vertical)

A

Vertical/midline

Seperates cerebral hemispheres

Forms superior/inferior sagittal sinuses

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23
Q

Falx cerebelli (vertical)

A

Separates cerebellar hemispheres

Contains occipital sinus

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24
Q

Tentorium Cerebelli (Horizontal)

A

Separates occipital lobe from cerebellum

Contains straight, transverse and superior petrosal sinuses

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25
Q

Diaphragma sella (Horizontal)

A

Roof of sella turicica

Small hole = passage for pituitary stalk

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26
Q

Cavernus Sinus Anterior

Connections
Contents
Description

A

Superior/inferior opthalmic veins, pterygoid plexus of veins.

Lateral wall: CN 3, 4, V1, V2

Route of infection to brain

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27
Q

Cavernus Sinus Posterior

Connections
Contents
Description

A

Superior/inferior petrosal sinus, intercavernous sinus

CN 6 and ICA (running through cavernous sinus)

Cavernus sinus thrombosis

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28
Q

Venticles - Nearby Anatomical Structures

Lateral Ventricle
Lateral Ventricle (Inferior Horn)
Third Venticle
Floor of fourth ventricle

A

Caudate nucleus

Hippocampus

Hypothalamaus

Pons

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29
Q

CSF Circulation Pathway

A

Lateral Ventricles -> Foramen of Monro -> Third ventricle -> Cerebral aqueduct -> Fourth ventricle -> Foramina of Magendie (Medial) and Luschka (Lateral) -> Bathes subarachnoid space -> Arachnoid granulations of superior sagittal sinus -> Venous circulation

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30
Q

Anterior 2/3rd of tongue Taste

Nerve
Pathway
Brain Stem nucleus
Thalamic Nucleus

A

CN 7 - Chorda tympani (travels via lingual nerve to geniculate ganglion)

Solitary Tract

Nucleus of solitary tract (gustatory nucleus)

VPM

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31
Q

Posterior 1/3rd of tongue taste

Nerve
Pathway
Brain Stem nucleus
Thalamic Nucleus

A

CN 9

Solitary Tract

Nucleus of solitary tract (gustatory nucleus)

VPM

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32
Q

Epiglottis taste

Nerve
Pathway
Brain Stem nucleus
Thalamic Nucleus

A

CN 10

Solitary Tract

Nucleus of Solitary Tract (gustatory nucleus)

VPM

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33
Q

Lymph Drainage of Tongue

Posterior
Lateral
Middle Anterior
Lateral Anterior/Tip

A

Superior Deep Cervical

Submandibular

Contralateral Inferior Deep Cervical

Ipsilateral Submental/Contralateral Submental

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34
Q

Genioglossus Action and Innervation

A

Protrudes tongue

CN 12

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35
Q

Hyoglossus Innervation and Action

A

Depress tongue, pull down sides (retracts)

CN 12

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36
Q

Styloglossus innervation and action

A

Pull tongue up and back

CN 12

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37
Q

Palatoglossus innervation and action

A

Pull tongue up and back toward palate

CN 10 (pharyngeal plexus)

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38
Q

Longitudinal Superior/Inferior tongue muscle

A

Shorten tongue (both)

Make dorsum concave (superior)

Make dorsum convex (inferior)

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39
Q

Transversus tongue muscle

A

Narrows and elongates tongue

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40
Q

Verticalis tongue muscle

A

Flattens and broadens the tongue

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41
Q

Medial to Hyoglossus

A

Lingual Artery

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42
Q

Lateral to hyoglossus

A

Lingual vein and nerve

Submandibular Duct

Hypoglossal Nerve

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43
Q

Lymph, Sinuses, Crypts:

Pharyngeal Tonsils
Palatine Tonsils
Lingual Tonsils

A

No lymph, sinuses, crypts

Contain crypts and lymphoid follicles (no sinuses)

Lymphoid follicle each w/ single crypt

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44
Q

Superior Pharyngeal Constrictor

A

Pterygomandibular raphe - Midline pharyngeal raphe

Contract in waves to propel food

Sensory = CN 10
Motor = CN 11 via 10
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45
Q

Middle Pharyngeal Constrictor

A

Hyoid bone - Midline pharyngeal raphe

Contract in waves to propel food

Sensory = CN 10 
Motor = CN 11 via 10
46
Q

Inferior Pharyngeal Constictor

A

Thyroid/cricoid cartilage - Midline pharyngeal raphe

Contract in waves

Sensory = CN 10
Motr = CN 11 via 10
47
Q

Cricopharyngeus Constrictor

A

Lower fibers of inferior constrictor - midline raphe

Constant contraction (serves as UES)

Sensory = CN 10
Motor = CN 11 via 10
48
Q

Palatopharyngeus muscle

A

Palatal aponeurosis - posterolateral pharync

Raise pharynx and larynx during swalling

CN 11 (via 10, pharyngeal plexus)

49
Q

Salpingopharyngeus

A

Catilage of eustachian tube - palatopharyngeus muscle

Elevate nasopharynx, open auditory tube, equalize pressure

CN 11 via 10 (pharyngeal plexus)

50
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

Styloid process - passes between superior/middle constrictors and blends w/ palatopharyngeus

Raise pharynx/larynx during swallowing

CN 9

51
Q

Lymphatic Drainage of Parotid Gland

A

Parotid gland -> parotid nodes -> superior deep cervical lymph nodes

52
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Submandibular/sublingual glands

A

Submandibular and sublingual glands -> submandibular and deep cervical nodes

53
Q

Parotid Gland

Secretion
Duct
Innervation
Blood Supply

A

Serous

Stenson’s duct (at level of Max 2nd molars)

Pregang: Lesser petrosal (CN 9)
Synapse: Otic Ganglion
Postgang: Travels w/ auriculotemporal
Blood Supply: Branches of superficial temporal and transverse facial

54
Q

Submandibular Gland

Secretion
Duct
Innervation
Blood Supply

A

Serous and Mucous

Wharton’s duct, crosses lingual nerve (near sublingual gland), empties at sublingual caruncle/papilla

Pregang: Chorda tympani
Synapse: Submandiblar ganglion
Postgang: Leaves ganglion to gland

Glandular branches of facial artery

55
Q

Sublingual Gland

Secretion
Duct
Innervation
Blood Supply

A

Mucous

Sublingual (Rivian) ducts at sublingual folds, anterior ducts open medially into submandibular duct (bartholin’s)

Pregang: Chorda tympani
Synapse: Submandibular ganglion
Postgang: to gland

Glandular branches of lingual artery (sublingual A)

56
Q

Minor Salivary Glands

A

Labial/Buccal -> mucous only

von Ebner’s glands -> at base of circumvallate, serous only

Glands of Blandin-nuhn/Anterior lingual glands -> mixed serous-mucous

57
Q

Parotid Space Contents

A

Parotid Gland
Facial Nerve
External Carotid Artery
Retromandibular Vein

58
Q

Submandibular Space Contents

A 
Submandibular Gland
Lymph Node
Hypoglossal Nerve
Nerve to mylohyoid
Facial Artery
59
Q

Sublingual Space Contents

A

Sublingual gland
Deep submandibular gland and duct
Lingual artery
Hypoglossal Nerve

60
Q

Tonsillar Space Contents

A

Palatine tonsil
Glossopharyngeal nerve
Tonsillar and ascending palatine branches of facial artery

61
Q

Masticator Space Contents

A 
Mandibular ramus and TMJ
Muscles of mastication
Mandibular Nerve
Maxillary Artery
Pterygoid plexus of veins
Chorda tympani nerve
62
Q

Parapharyngeal Space Contents

A

Carotid Sheath

Deep Cervical chain of lymph nodes

63
Q

Masseter

Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Superficial = Zygomatic process of maxilla and anterior 2/3 zygomatic arch… Deep = zygomatic arch (inner post 1/3)

Superficial = angle of mandible, Deep = lateral ramus

Elevation, retrustion (deep and post fibers), ipsilateral excursion

64
Q

Temporalis

Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Origin = lower temporal line, temporal fossa, temporal fascia

Medial coronoid, anterior ramus

Elevation (anterior/superior fibers), retrusion (posterior), ipsilateral excursion

65
Q

Medial pterygoid

Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Medial side of lateral pterygoid plate

Medial side of mandibular angle

Elevation, protrusion, contralateral excursion

66
Q

Lateral Pterygoid

Origin
Insertion
Action

A

Superior: greater wing of sphenoid, inferior: lateral side of lateral pterygoid plate

Superior: articular capsule and disc, inferior: anterior condylar neck

Protrusion, depression, contralateral excursion

67
Q

Temperomandibular Ligament (Lateral Ligament) Parts and Functions

A

Outer oblique portion: prevents posterior and inferior displacement

Inner horizontal portion: prevents lateral or mesial displacement

Main ligament

68
Q

Sphenomandibular Ligament

A

Remnant of Meckel’s Cartilage

Connects spine of sphenoid w/ lingula of mandible

69
Q

Stylomandibular ligament

A

Connects styloid process to mandibular angle

70
Q

Superficial Cervical Fascia (Subcutaneous Tissue) Contents

A

Cutaneous nerves, blood and lymphatic vessels, fat, platysma

71
Q

Layers of Deep Cervical Fascia (Muscular fascia)

A

Investing, Pretracheal, Prevertebral

72
Q

Investing Fascia Contents

A

Sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles and submandibular and parotid glands

73
Q

Pretracheal Fascia Contents

A

Thyroid gland, larynx, pharynx and esophagus

Continuous with buccophayngeal fascia

74
Q

Prevertebral Fascia Contents

A

Vertebrae and deep cervical muscles

75
Q

Carotid Sheath Contents

A

CCA
IJV
CN 10

Associated with: Lymph noedes, carotid sinus nerve, sympathetic nerves

76
Q

Retropharyngeal Space

A

Between pharynx (buccopharyngeal fascia) and prevertebral fascia

Communicates w/ mediastinum (infection spread, ludwig’s angina)

77
Q

Posterior Triangle Boundaries

Anterior
Posterior
Inferior
Floor
Roof
A

SCM (post border)

Trapezius (anter border)

Clavicle (middle 1/3rd)

Splenius Capitus, levator scapulae, scalene muscles

Skin, superficial fascia, platysma, deep investing fascia of neck

78
Q

Posterior triangle Contents

A 
EJV
Cervical plexus
Lesser occipital nerve
Great auricular nerve
CN 11
Phrenic nerve
Subclavian vein/artery
Brachial Plexus
79
Q

Anterior Triangle Boundaries

Anterior
Posterior
Superior
Floor
Roof
A

Neck Midline

SCM (Anterior Border)

Inferior border of mandible

Pharynx, larynx, thyroid

Skin, superficial fascia, platysma, deep investing fascia

80
Q

Anterior Triangle Contents

A 
Infrahyoid/suprahyoid muscles
CCA, ICA
IJV/EJV
Retromandibular vein
CN 10, 11, 12, cervical plexus
81
Q

Submandibular Triangle (Subset of Anterior Triangle) Boundaries

Inferior
Superior
Floor
Roof

A

Bellies of digastric

Inferior border of mandible

Mylohyoid, Hyoglossus

Skin, superficial fascia, platysma, deep fascia

82
Q

Submandibular Triangle Contents (2 glands/nodes, 2 nerves, 2 arteries, 2 veins)

A 
Submandibular gland
Submandibular lymph nodes
Hypoglossal nerve
Mylohyoid nerve
Lingual and facial arteries and veins
83
Q

Infrahyoid muscle innervation

A

Ansa cervicalis = sternohyoid, sternothyroid, omohyoid

C1 via CN 12 = Thyrohyoid (also geniohyoid)

84
Q

Muscular Triangle Boundaries and Contents

A

Superior Belly of omohyoid, SCM, midline of neck

Infrahyoid strap muscles

85
Q

Carotid Triangle Boundaries and Contents

A

Superior belly of omohyoid, posterior belly of digastric, SCM

CCA, IJV, CN 10, 11, 12, cervical plexus

86
Q

Submental Triangle Boundaries and Contents

A

Right and left anterior bellies of digastric, body of hyoid

Mylohyoid muscle (midline raphe)

87
Q

SCM Action and Innervation

A

Bilateral = Flexes neck

Unilateral = pulls head to shoulder, turns head to opposite side

CN 11

88
Q

Trapezius Action and Innervation

A

Bilateral = Extends head

Unilateral = Chin up to opposite side,, elevate acromion (rotates, elevates scapula and clavicle)

CN 11

89
Q

Digastric Anterior

Origin
Insertion
Innervation

A

Intermediate tendon

Anterior mandible (digastric fossa)

CN V3 - Nerve to mylohyoid

90
Q

Digastric Posterior

Origin
Insertion
Innervation

A

Temporal bone (digastric notch)

Intermediate tendon

CN 7

91
Q

Mylohyoid

Origin
Insertion
Innervation

A

Medial mandible (mylohyoid line)

Median raphe/body of hyoid

CN V3 - Nerve to mylohyoid

92
Q

Geniohyoid

Origin
Insertion
Innervation

A

Genial tubercles (mandible)

Body of hyoid

C1 Fibers via CN 12

93
Q

Stylohyoid

Origin
Insertion
Innervation

A

Styloid Process

Hyoid (greater horn)

CN 7

94
Q

Omohyoid

Origin
Insertion
Innervation

A

Superior Belly: Intermediate tendon, Inferior Belly: Superior Scapula

Superior belly: Hyoid (body), Inferior Belly: Intermediate tendon

Ansa Cervicalis

95
Q

Sternohyoid

Origin
Insertion
Innervation

A

Manubrium of sternum

Hyoid (lower surface)

Ansa cervicalis

96
Q

Sternothyroid

Origin
Insertion
Innervation

A

Manubrium of Sternum

Thyroid Cartilage (oblique line)

Ansa cervicalis

97
Q

Thyrohyoid

A

Thyroid Cartilage (Oblique line)

Hyoid (body and greater horn)

C1 fibers Via CN 12

98
Q

Branches of ECA

A

Some anatomist like football, others prefer soccer matches

Superior Thyroid
Ascending Palatine
Lingual
Facial
Occipital
Posterior Auricular
Sperficial temporal
Maxillary
99
Q

Cervical Branches of Facial Artery

A

Tonsillar
Ascending Palatine
Glandular
Submental

100
Q

Facial Branches of Facial Artery

A

Inferior Labial
Superior Labial
Lateral Nasal
Angular

101
Q

Mandibular Portion of Maxillary Artery

A 
Deep Auricular
Anterior Tympanic
Middle Meningeal
Accessory Meningeal
Inferior Alveolar
102
Q

Pterygoid Portion of Maxillary Artery

A

Anterior and posterior deep temporal
Pterygoid
Masseteric
Buccal

103
Q

Pterygopalatine Portion of Maxillary Artery

A 
Posteriosuperior Alveolar
Infraorbital - becomes ASA
Descending Palatine
Artery of Pterygoid Canal
Pharyngeal
Sphenopalatine
104
Q

External Jugular Vein Receives what veins

A

Posterior auricular and Posterior retromandibular formEJV

105
Q

Superficial temporal Vein receives what, merges with what and splits into what?

A

Receives = Pterygoid Plexus of veins, retromandibular vein

Merges w/ = Maxillary vein = retromandibular vein

Splits into: Anterior/posterior retromandibular vein

106
Q

IJV receives what and what does this vein receive?

A

IJV receives = Common facial vein

Common Facial Vein Receives = Anterior facial vein and anterior retromandibular vein (from superficial temporal vein)

107
Q

Superficial Ring of Nodes

A 
Occipital
Mastoid
Parotid
Submanibular
Submental
108
Q

Deep nodes

A

Retropharyngeal

109
Q

Deep cervical Lymph nodes

A

Jugulodigastric node

Juguloomohyoid node

110
Q

Lymph Drainage sequence

A

Occipital and mastoid -> Retropharyngeal -> Jugulodigastric

Parotid, submandibular to jugulodigastric

Jugulodigastric to jugulo-omohoyoid

111
Q

Submental Lymph Node caveat

A

Submental drains to submandibular (which then goes to jugulodigastric then to jugulo-ommohyoid) or it drains directly to jugulo-omohyoid

NBDE 1 (2 decks)

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