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biology 2 > Anatomy (lower body muscles) > Flashcards

Anatomy (lower body muscles) Flashcards

Origins, Insertions, Action & Innervation

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1
Q

Iliopsoas:
Psoas minor
(Anterior hip)

A

O: 12th thoracic & 1st lumbar vertebrae
I: Iliopectineal line (or fused with psoas major)
A: Flexion of pelvis on abdomen
N: Lumbar plexus

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1
Q

Iliopsoas:
Psoas major
(Anterior hip)

A

O: Transverse processes & bodies of lumbar vertebrae
I: Lesser trochanter of femur (fusing with iliacus)
A: Flexion & lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint, flexion of trunk on hip
N: Lumbar spinal nerves L2-L3

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2
Q

Iliacus
(Anterior hip)

A

O: Iliac fossa and sacrum
I: Tendon of psoas major into lesser trochanter of femur
A: Flexion & lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint
N: Femoral nerve

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3
Q

Gluteus maximus
(Posterior-lateral hip)

A

O: Iliac crest, posterior gluteal line, sacrum & coccyx
I: Iliotibial tract of fascia latae and gluteal tuberosity of femur
A: Extension & lateral rotation of thigh
N: Inferior gluteal nerve

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4
Q

Gluteus medius
(Posterior-lateral hip)

A

O: Ilium between ant. & post. gluteal lines
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Abduction & medial rotation of thigh
N: Superior gluteal nerve

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5
Q

Gluteus minimus
(Posterior-lateral hip)

A

O: Ilium between ant. & inf. gluteal lines
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Abduction & medial rotation of thigh
N: Superior gluteal n.

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6
Q

Tensor fascia latae
(Posterior-lateral hip)

A

O: Ant. sup. iliac spine, iliac crest
I: Iliotibial tract which attaches to lateral tibia
A: Flexion & abduction of thigh at hip joint
N: Superior gluteal nerve

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7
Q

Piriformis
(Lateral rotators)

A

O: Anterior surface of sacrum
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Laterally rotates and abducts the thigh at hip joint
N: Sacral plexus

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8
Q

Superior gemellus
(Lateral rotators)

A

O: Ischial spine
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Laterally rotates and abducts the thigh at hip joint
N: Lumbosacral plexus

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9
Q

Obturator internus
(Lateral rotators)

A

O: Inner surface of obturator foramen, pubis and ischium
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Laterally rotates and abducts the thigh at hip joint
N: Lumbosacral plexus

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10
Q

Inferior gemellus
(Lateral rotators)

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Greater trochanter of femur
A: Laterally rotates and abducts the thigh at hip joint
N: Lumbosacral plexus

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11
Q

Quadratus femoris
(Lateral rotators)

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Quadrate tubercle of femur
A: Laterally rotates the thigh at hip joint
N: Lumbosacral plexus

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12
Q

Obturator externus
(Lateral rotators)

A

O: Outer surface of obturator foramen & membrane
I: Trochanteric fossa of femur
A: Laterally rotates and abducts the thigh at hip joint
N: Obturator nerve

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13
Q

Sartorius
(Anterior thigh)

A

O: Anterior superior iliac spine
I: Proximal, medial surface of shaft of tibia
A: Flexion, abduction & lateral rotation of thigh, flexion of leg
N: Femoral nerve

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14
Q

Rectus femoris
(Anterior thigh)

A

O: Anterior inferior iliac spine
I: Patella via quadriceps tendon & then tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament
A: Extension of leg at knee joint, flexion of thigh at hip joint
N: Femoral nerve

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15
Q

Vastus lateralis
(Anterior thigh)

A

O: Greater trochanter and lateral margin of linea aspera of femur
I: Patella via quadriceps tendon & then tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament
A: Extension of leg at knee joint
N: Femoral nerve

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16
Q

Vastus intermedius
(Anterior thigh)

A

O: Anterior and lateral surfaces of shaft of femur
I: Patella via quadriceps tendon & then tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament
A: Extension of leg at knee joint
N: Femoral nerve

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17
Q

Vastus medialis
(Anterior thigh)

A

O: Medial margin of linea aspera of femur
I: Patella via quadriceps tendon & then tibial tuberosity via patellar
ligament
A: Extension of leg at knee joint
N: Femoral nerve

18
Q

Pectineus
(Medial thigh)

A

O: Superior ramus of pubis
I: Pectineal line of femur, between lesser trochanter and linea aspera
A: Flexion and adduction of thigh at hip joint
N: Femoral nerve

19
Q

Adductor brevis
(Medial thigh)

A

O: Inferior ramus of pubis
I: Superior half of linea aspera of femur
A: Adduction & flexion of thigh at hip joint, rotates thigh
N: Obturator nerve

20
Q

Adductor longus
(Medial thigh)

A

O: Pubic crest & symphysis pubis
I: Linea aspera of femur
A: Adduction & flexion of thigh at hip joint, rotates thigh
N: Obturator nerve

21
Q

Adductor magnus
(& adductor minimus part)
(Medial thigh)

A

O: Inferior ramus of pubis and ischium to ischial tuberosity (Add. min.: inf. ramus of pubis)
I: Linea aspera, adductor tubercle of femur (Add. min.: medial lip of linea aspera)
A: Adduction of thigh at hip joint, ant. fibers flex thigh, post. fibers extend thigh
(Add. min.: adduction & lateral rotation of thigh at hip joint)
N: Obturator and sciatic nerves (Add. min.: obturator nerve)

22
Q

Gracilis
(Medial thigh)

A

O: Body and inferior ramus of pubis
I: Proximal medial surface of shaft of tibia
A: Adduction of thigh at hip joint, flexion and medial rotation of leg at knee joint
N: Obturator nerve

23
Q

Biceps femoris
(Posterior thigh)

A

O: 1. Long Head: Ischial tuberosity 2. Short Head: Linea aspera of femur
I: Head of fibula and lateral condyle of tibia
A: Flexion of leg at knee joint, extension of thigh at hip joint
N: Sciatic nerve (Tibial and common fibular nerves)

24
Q

Semitendinosus
(Posterior thigh)

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Proximal medial surface of shaft of tibia
A: Flexion of leg at knee joint, extension of thigh at hip joint
N: Sciatic nerve (Tibial nerve)

25
Q

Semimembranosus
(Posterior thigh)

A

O: Ischial tuberosity
I: Medial condyle of tibia
A: Flexion of leg at knee joint, extension of thigh at hip joint
N: Sciatic nerve (Tibial nerve)

26
Q

Tibialis anterior
(Anterior leg)

A

O: Lateral condyle and shaft of tibia, interosseus membrane
I: First metatarsal and first cuneiform
A: Dorsiflexion and inversion of foot
N: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

27
Q

Extensor hallucis longus
(Anterior leg)

A

O: Anterior surface of fibula, interosseous membrane
I: Distal phalanx of first toe (hallux)
A: Dorsiflexion of foot, extension of first toe
N: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

28
Q

Extensor digitorum longus
(Anterior leg)

A

O: Lateral condyle of tibia, anterior surface of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Middle and distal phalanges of toes 2-5
A: Dorsiflexion of foot, extension of digits 2-5
N: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

29
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) tertius
(Anterior leg)

A

O: Distal third of fibula and interosseous membrane
I: Base of 5th metatarsal
A: Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
N: Deep fibular (peroneal) nerve

30
Q

Gastrocnemius
(Posterior leg) (superficial)

A

O: 1. Lateral head: Lateral condyle of femur 2. Medial head: Medial condyle of femur
I: Calcaneus by way of the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
A: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint, flexion of leg at knee joint
N: Tibial nerve

31
Q

Soleus
(Posterior leg) (superficial)

A

O: Head of the fibula and soleal line of tibia
I: Calcaneus by way of the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
A: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint
N: Tibial nerve

32
Q

Plantaris
(Posterior leg) (superficial)

A

O: Lateral supracondylar ridge of femur
I: Calcaneus by way of the calcaneal (Achilles) tendon
A: Plantar flexion of foot at ankle joint, flexion of leg at knee joint
N: Tibial nerve

33
Q

Popliteus
(Posterior leg) (deep)

A

O: Lateral condyle of femur
I: Proximal tibia (above popliteal line)
A: Flexion & medial rotation of leg (unlocking of the extended knee)
N: Tibial nerve

34
Q

Tibialis posterior
(Posterior leg) (deep)

A

O: Posterior tibia, posterior fibula, & interosseous membrane
I: Navicular, cuboid, three cuneiforms & bases of metatarsals 2-4
A: Plantar flexion and inversion of foot
N: Tibial nerve

35
Q

Flexor digitorum longus
(Posterior leg) (deep)

A

O: Posterior surface of tibia
I: Distal phalanges of toes 2-5
A: Flexion of digits 2-5, plantar flexion of foot
N: Tibial nerve

36
Q

Flexor hallucis longus
(Posterior leg) (deep)

A

O: Distal 2/3 of fibula
I: Distal phalanx of great toe (hallux)
A: Flexion of great toe (hallux), plantar flexion of foot
N: Tibial nerve

37
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) longus
(Lateral leg)

A

O: Head & proximal 2/3 of fibula
I: First metatarsal and first cuneiform
A: Plantar flexion and eversion of foot N: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

38
Q

Fibularis (peroneus) brevis
(Lateral leg)

A

O: Distal 2/3 of shaft of fibula
I: Base of fifth metatarsal
A: Plantar flexion and eversion of foot N: Superficial fibular (peroneal) nerve

39
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis
Extensor hallucis brevis
(Muscles of foot) (dorsum)

A

MUSCLE
1. Extensor digitorum brevis
2. Extensor hallucis brevis
INNERVATION
1. Deep peroneal nerve
2. Deep peroneal nerve

40
Q

Flexor digitorum brevis
Abductor hallucis
Abductor digiti minimi
(Muscles of foot) (plantar) FIRST LAYER

A

MUSCLE
1. Flexor digitorum brevis
2. Abductor hallucis
3. Abductor digiti minimi
INNERVATION
1. Medial plantar nerve
2. Medial plantar nerve
3. Lateral plantar nerve

41
Q

Quadratus plantae Lumbricals
(Muscles of foot) (plantar) SECOND LAYER

A

MUSCLE
1. Quadratus plantae
2. Lumbricals
ACTION
1. Flexion of four lesser toes
2. Flexion of proximal phalanges, extension of middle & distal phalanges of four lesser toes
INNERVATION
1. Lateral plantar nerve
2. Lateral & medial plantar nerve

42
Q

Flexor hallucis brevis
Adductor hallucis
Flexor digiti minimi brevis
(Muscles of foot) (plantar) THIRD LAYER

A

MUSCLE
1. Flexor hallucis brevis
2. Adductor hallucis (oblique & transverse heads)
3. Flexor digiti minimi brevis
INNERVATION
1. Medial plantar nerve
2. Lateral plantar nerve
3. Lateral plantar nerve

43
Q

Dorsal interossei Plantar interossei
(Muscles of foot) (plantar) FOURTH LAYER

A

MUSCLE
1. Dorsal interossei
2. Palmar interossei
ACTION
1. Abduction of toes
2. Adduction of toes
INNERVATION
Lateral plantar nerve

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