Anatomy list: shoulder and scapula

Question 1

Deltoid

Answer 1

Origin: anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, line of scapula
Insertion: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Action: shoulder abduction, flexion, and extension

Question 2

Supraspinatus

Answer 2

Origin: supraspinous fossa of scapula
Insertion: superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: abduction of arm and stabilizes humerus

Question 3

Latissimus Dorsi

Answer 3

Origin: spinous process of thoracic T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia
Insertion: floor of intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: adducts, extends and internally rotates the arm

Question 4

Teres Major

Answer 4

Origin: posterior aspect of the inferior angle of scapula
Insertion: medial lip of the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
Action: adducts, medially rotates and extends arm at shoulder

Question 5

Pectoralis Major

Answer 5

Clavicular head: anterior surface of the medial half of the clavicle. Sternocostal head: anterior surface of the sternum, the superior six costal cartilages, and the aponeurosis of the external obliques muscle
Insertion: lateral lip of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
Action: adducts and medially rotates the humerus

Question 6

Coracobrachialis

Answer 6

Origin: Coracoid process of scapula
Insertion: medial humerus
Action: adducts humerus; flexes arm at glenohumeral joint

Question 7

Teres Minor

Answer 7

Origin: lateral border of the scapula
Insertion: inferior facet of the greater tubercle of humerus
Action: laterally rotates the arm, adducts the forearm, stabilizes humerus

Question 8

Infraspinatus

Answer 8

Origin: Infraspinous fossa of the scapula
Insertion: Middle facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Action: Lateral rotation of arm and stabilizes humerus

Question 9

Subscapularis

Answer 9

Origin: Subscapular fossa
Insertion: Lesser tubercle of humerus
Action: Rotates medially humerus; stabilizes shoulder

Question 10

Trapezius

Answer 10

Origin: External occipital protuberance
Insertion: Poster border of the lateral third of the clavicle
Action: Rotation, retraction, elevation, and depression of scapula

Question 11

Rhomboid Minor

Answer 11

Origin: Nuchal ligaments and spinous processes of C7-T1
Insertion: Medial border of scapula
Action: Retracts and rotates scapula, fixes scapula to thoracic wall

Question 12

Rhomboid Major

Answer 12

Origin: Spinous processes of the T2 to T5 vertebrae
Insertion: Medial border of the scapula, inferior to the insertion of rhomboid minor muscle
Action: Retracts the scapula and rotates it to depresses the glenoid cavity

Question 13

Levator Scapulae

Answer 13

Origin: Posterior tubercles of transverse processes of C1- C4 vertebrae
Insertion: Superior part of the medial border of scapula
Action: Elevates scapula and tilts its glenoid cavity inferiorly by rotating scapula

Question 14

Serratus Anterior

Answer 14

Origin: Fleshy slips from the outer surface of the upper 8 or 9 ribs
Insertion: Costal aspect of the medial margin of the scapula
Action: Protracts and stabilizes scapula assists in upward rotation

Question 15

Pectoralis Minor

Answer 15

Origin: Third to fifth ribs, near costal cartilage
Insertion: Medial border and superior surface of the coracoid process of the scapula
Action: stabilizes the scapula