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Endocrinology > Anatomy Lecturio > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecturio Flashcards

1
Q

Kidneys Peritoneal position

A

Retroperitoneal

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2
Q

Kidney Ant Post position

A

In front of Posterior abdominal wall , Furthest back

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3
Q

Kidney & Ribs rel.

A

Rib 11 12 - Broken Ribs can cause damage

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4
Q

R L kidney pos. rel.

A

Right lower because of Liver

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5
Q

Kidney Segments

A

5 : Sup , Inf , 2 Ant ( Sup , Inf ) , Post - each with different branch of renal artery ( Segmental end arteries )

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6
Q

T/F: Kidney is surrounded by a substantial amount of fat

A

True - Keeps them in position

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7
Q

T/F : Kidneys have a substantial blood in-flow

A

True - Straight from Aorta

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8
Q

Two types of Renal Fat

A

Paranephric outside - Fascia (Capsule)- Perinephric in Renal sinus

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9
Q

IVC , Aorta , R L branches to kidney position and Length

A

IVC in the right - Aorta in the left and Post. , Veins : RL

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10
Q

Renal concave medial surface

A

Hilum and Sinus (inner)

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11
Q

Urine pathway

A

Pyramid (medulla) - renal papilla - minor to major Calyces - Renal Pelvis - Ureter - Bladder

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12
Q

Ureter peritoneum rel.

A

Retroperitoneal

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13
Q

Ureter Constriction points (stone can be lodged)

A

Junc. to Renal Pelvis , Passing Pelvic brim (Iliac bifurcation) , Entrance to Bladder

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14
Q

Suprarenal Glands Shapes

A

R : Trangle , L : Semilunar

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15
Q

Two parts of Suprarenal Glands & Function

A

Cortex : Corticosteroids & Androgens (retain water & salt) , Medulla : part of sympatethic , Adrenaline

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16
Q

Suprarenal arteries and Origin

A
  1. Sup from inf. Phrenic art. , Middle from Aorta , Inferior from Renal art.
17
Q

Suprarenal Veins

A

straight to IVC or through Renal vein

18
Q

Hypothalamus Nuclei

A

POA , P , A , PV , SC , SO , DM , VM , ARC , M (see pic. E.1)

19
Q

Supraoptic & Paraventricular Nuclei Hormones

A

ADH + Oxytocin

20
Q

ADH job , Lesion result

A

Water retention , Lesion : Diabetes Insipidus

21
Q

Oxytocin job

A

Lactation , Parturition (Uterine contraction)

22
Q

Preoptic Area nucleus Function

A

Thermoregulation , Sexual behavior (dimorphism)

23
Q

Preoptic Area nucleus Lesion

A

Loss of sexual behavior , Amenorrhea , Impotence

24
Q

Anterior Hypothalamic nucleus Function , Lesion result

A

Job : Thermoregulation (cooling) , Sleep , Lesion : Hyperthermia

25
Q

Suprachiasmatic nucleus Function , Lesion

A

Direct input from Retina : Circadian rhythms , Lesion : Elimination of Circadian rhythms

26
Q

Dorsomedial Nucleus Function

A

Physiological Circadian rhythms (related to) : Eating , Drinking , Energy Consumption + Ingestive behavior , Cardiovascular response to stress

27
Q

Dorsomedial Nucleus Lesion Result

A

Hyperphagia , Restricted food intake = Rage outburst

28
Q

Ventromedial Nucleus Function

A

Appetite and Satiety , Energy consumption , Thermoregulation , Fear

29
Q

Ventromedial Nucleus Lesion Result

A

Hyperphagia , Obesity Syndrome

30
Q

Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus Function , Lesion Result

A

Thermoregulation (Heating) , Hypothermia

31
Q

Hypothalamus Mammilllary Bodies Function , Lesion Result

A

Emotion , Regulation of Recollective Memory , Lesion : Memory Deficit , Pathogenesis of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy

32
Q

Lateral Hypothalamic Area Function

A

Appetite and Satiety , Pain Reception , Thermoregulation , Digestive function , Blood pressure

33
Q

Lateral Hypothalamic Area Lesion Result

A

Narcolepsy , motility disorder , Functional GI disorder , Eating disorders (starvation , Weight loss)

34
Q

Arcuate Nucleus Function

A

Control + - of Ant. Pituitary via portal system , Regulation : Prolactin secretion of the pituitary via Dopamine & GHRH , regulation of appetite and body weight (via Neuropeptide Y)

35
Q

Arcuate Nucleus Lesion

A

Galactorrhea , Hyperphagia , Obesity

36
Q

Pituitary Parts & Function

A

2 : Adenohypophysis : Glandular , regulated by Arcuate nucleus
Neurohypophysis : PV and SO axons : stores ADH & Oxytocin

Endocrinology (1 decks)

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