Anatomy Lecturio Flashcards
Kidneys Peritoneal position
Retroperitoneal
Kidney Ant Post position
In front of Posterior abdominal wall , Furthest back
Kidney & Ribs rel.
Rib 11 12 - Broken Ribs can cause damage
R L kidney pos. rel.
Right lower because of Liver
Kidney Segments
5 : Sup , Inf , 2 Ant ( Sup , Inf ) , Post - each with different branch of renal artery ( Segmental end arteries )
T/F: Kidney is surrounded by a substantial amount of fat
True - Keeps them in position
T/F : Kidneys have a substantial blood in-flow
True - Straight from Aorta
Two types of Renal Fat
Paranephric outside - Fascia (Capsule)- Perinephric in Renal sinus
IVC , Aorta , R L branches to kidney position and Length
IVC in the right - Aorta in the left and Post. , Veins : RL
Renal concave medial surface
Hilum and Sinus (inner)
Urine pathway
Pyramid (medulla) - renal papilla - minor to major Calyces - Renal Pelvis - Ureter - Bladder
Ureter peritoneum rel.
Retroperitoneal
Ureter Constriction points (stone can be lodged)
Junc. to Renal Pelvis , Passing Pelvic brim (Iliac bifurcation) , Entrance to Bladder
Suprarenal Glands Shapes
R : Trangle , L : Semilunar
Two parts of Suprarenal Glands & Function
Cortex : Corticosteroids & Androgens (retain water & salt) , Medulla : part of sympatethic , Adrenaline
Suprarenal arteries and Origin
- Sup from inf. Phrenic art. , Middle from Aorta , Inferior from Renal art.
Suprarenal Veins
straight to IVC or through Renal vein
Hypothalamus Nuclei
POA , P , A , PV , SC , SO , DM , VM , ARC , M (see pic. E.1)
Supraoptic & Paraventricular Nuclei Hormones
ADH + Oxytocin
ADH job , Lesion result
Water retention , Lesion : Diabetes Insipidus
Oxytocin job
Lactation , Parturition (Uterine contraction)
Preoptic Area nucleus Function
Thermoregulation , Sexual behavior (dimorphism)
Preoptic Area nucleus Lesion
Loss of sexual behavior , Amenorrhea , Impotence
Anterior Hypothalamic nucleus Function , Lesion result
Job : Thermoregulation (cooling) , Sleep , Lesion : Hyperthermia
Suprachiasmatic nucleus Function , Lesion
Direct input from Retina : Circadian rhythms , Lesion : Elimination of Circadian rhythms
Dorsomedial Nucleus Function
Physiological Circadian rhythms (related to) : Eating , Drinking , Energy Consumption + Ingestive behavior , Cardiovascular response to stress
Dorsomedial Nucleus Lesion Result
Hyperphagia , Restricted food intake = Rage outburst
Ventromedial Nucleus Function
Appetite and Satiety , Energy consumption , Thermoregulation , Fear
Ventromedial Nucleus Lesion Result
Hyperphagia , Obesity Syndrome
Posterior Hypothalamic Nucleus Function , Lesion Result
Thermoregulation (Heating) , Hypothermia
Hypothalamus Mammilllary Bodies Function , Lesion Result
Emotion , Regulation of Recollective Memory , Lesion : Memory Deficit , Pathogenesis of Wernicke’s Encephalopathy
Lateral Hypothalamic Area Function
Appetite and Satiety , Pain Reception , Thermoregulation , Digestive function , Blood pressure
Lateral Hypothalamic Area Lesion Result
Narcolepsy , motility disorder , Functional GI disorder , Eating disorders (starvation , Weight loss)
Arcuate Nucleus Function
Control + - of Ant. Pituitary via portal system , Regulation : Prolactin secretion of the pituitary via Dopamine & GHRH , regulation of appetite and body weight (via Neuropeptide Y)
Arcuate Nucleus Lesion
Galactorrhea , Hyperphagia , Obesity
Pituitary Parts & Function
2 : Adenohypophysis : Glandular , regulated by Arcuate nucleus
Neurohypophysis : PV and SO axons : stores ADH & Oxytocin
