Anatomy Lecture 2 Flashcards
Three terminal branches of the Ophthalmic artery
- nasal
- frontal
- supraorbital
Major branches of the ECA
Superficial Temporal and Facial
Right brachiocephalic branches into…
Left SCL branches from …
right SCL and CCA,
aortic arch
“palm of hand” or “sole of foot”
volar
Supplies stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, spleen.
Branches into Lt. gastric, splenic, and common hepatic artery.
Celiac Artery
left common iliac is compressed. Clots can form.
May-Thurner Syndrome
“artery of the thigh”
hypogastric
- 3.5 cm distal to inguinal ligament
- have numerous perforators
- posterior and lateral to the SFA
Profunda Femoris/Deep Femoral Artery
- medial route
- length of thigh
- anteromedial
- enters Hunter’s canal
- larger quadriceps muscle
- posterior medial path, back of knee
Superfical Femoral Artery (SFA)
minor branch, feeds the gastronemius muscle
sural
superfical above the knee, great for collaterals
genicular arteries
- 1st branch off popliteal artery ends at the Dorsalis Pedis Artery (DPA)
- laterally and anterior along front of tibia
Anterior Tibial Artery
means top
dorsum
- reaches the posterior/medial side of ankle
- medial malleolus and calcaneal
- divides into medial and lateral plantar arteries (posterior approach)
Posterior Tibial Artery (PTA)
veins usually run in _____ below the knee, by they are sometimes run in _____ as well.
pairs, threes
connect deep and superfical systems
have one way valves!
communicating or perforator veins
superfical
- runs posterior to the lateral malleolus
- courses along the midline of the calf of the lower leg
- posterior aspect of the calf, joins the pop.
Small Saphenous
superfical
- longest vein
- medial aspect of the leg
- often duplicated
- contains many perforators
- often duplicated
Great saphenous
In-Stiu
in orginal place
Vein of Giacomini
in the back of the leg
empty the lateral region of the leg cephalad into the tibioperoneal trunk
peroneal veins
formed by the union of the medial and lateral plantar veins behind the medial malleoulus
posterior tibial
perforating veins …
- thigh…
- knee…
- calf…
Dodd’s
Boyd’s
Cockett’s
one of the braches off the saphenous …
epigastric
- lateral to the tibia on the interosseous membrane
- unite with tibioperoneal trunk
- first branch of popliteal
anterior tibial vein
- receives blood from the gastrocnemus muscle, AT’s ,Pt’s, Peroneal Veins
- runs medially to the artery
- through the Adductor’s Hunters Canal to become the formal vein (deep)
popliteal vein
junction of the CFV/CFA
Scarpa’s Triangle
- -anteriorly and medially to the medial malleolus
- longest vein
- passes medially along the calf and thigh
- contains numerous valves/branching
Great Saphenous
- proximal GS and CFV
- landmark for vascular surgeons
Saphenofemoral Junction
superfical veins…
- Great Saphenous
- Small Saphenous
forms a communication between superfical and deep; carries blood from superfical to deep
perforators
what is beneficial and non-beneficial about venous sinuses?
beneficial: acts as a bellow, to assit venous return upward. Acuumulate and then drains
non-beneficial: if a patient is inmobile for a period of time, becomes an ideal site for clots to form
soleal muscle drains to….
PT and peroneal veins
Gastroc muscle drains to …
popliteal vein
external iliac has valves _____ % of the time
25%
both cephalic and basilic veins communicate with
median cubital vein
two upper superfical veins…
-cephalic and axillary veins
deep veins accompanying an artery
both superficial and deep veins with the same name
“venae comitantes”
radial and ulnar veins meet at the antecubital fossa to form _______
brachial veins
subclavian vein joins the _______ to form the brachiocephalic vein
internal jugular
the internal jugular vein is ______ and ______ to the the carotid artery.
anterior and lateral
- inner layer of arteries and veins, monolayer endothelial cells,
- direct contact with blood
tunica intima
- middle layer of artery, thick layer containing smooth muscle cells
- elastin (fibers) and collagen
tunica media
- outer layer of arteries, fibroblasts, collagen, and elastic tissue
- provides overall strength (prevents artery from collapsing when cut)
tunica adventitia
- small blood vessels that penatrate the outer wall of an artery
- how the adventitia revices nutrients
vaso vasorum
two important properties of arteries
- elasticity
- contractility
the tunica _____ is is thicker in arteries than veins
media
-thin layer of connective fibrous tissue in a vein
adventitia
- develops due to increase in LDL
- changes the ‘sliperness’ of endothelial walls
- monocusts and platelets become ‘sticky’
- worst at bifurcations
Early Atherosclerosis
