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Block C - Circulation > Anatomy Lecture 1 -- The Heart External Features and Coronary Circulation > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture 1 -- The Heart External Features and Coronary Circulation Flashcards

1
Q

3 pericardial coverings

A

Fibrous pericardium Serous pericardium (parietal and visceral lamina)

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2
Q

2 ligaments of the heart

A

Sternopericardial Pericardial phrenic

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3
Q

4 diseases related to the pericardium

A

Pericarditis Cardiac tamponade Hemocardium Chronic constructive pericarditis

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4
Q

6 potential causes of pericarditis

A

Bacteria, fungus, virus, parasites Cancer, autoimmune

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5
Q

Characteristic of the fibrous pericardium and the effect

A

Very stiff = does not allow expansion of the heart past this limit

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6
Q

Effect of pericarditis

A

Enlargement of pericardial cavity = Increased pressure = effusion into PC = expansion towards ventricles = ventricles constricted –> potential death

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7
Q

Define cardiac tamponade

A

Compression of the heart

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8
Q

Cause of cardiac tamponade

A

Restriction of incoming blood flow (i.e. from pulmonary veins)

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9
Q

Effect of cardiac tamponade

A

Ventricles pump much less

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10
Q

2 treatments for cardiac tamponade

A

Pericardiocentesis (remove juice) by cardiac notch or just under parasternal line below xiphoid IV antibiotics

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11
Q

2 potential causes of hemocardium

A

Violence (i.e. puncture = blood in P.C.) Damaged heart wall

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12
Q

Effect of chronic constrictive pericarditis

A

P.C. obliterated by adhesions between covers Wall of pericardial sac is very thick (often occludes whole cavity)

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13
Q

Define inflammation

A

Process whereby fluid and white blood cells accumulate at a site of injury Fluid and WBC can ooze out of nearby blood vessels (so can only occur in vascularized tissues)

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14
Q

3 tubes branching off the aortic arch (from right to left)

A

Brachiocephalic trunk Carotid Subclavian artery

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15
Q

What part(s) of the body does the brachiocephalic trunk supply blood to?

A

Right side of head and neck, right arm

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16
Q

What part(s) of the body does the carotid supply blood to?

A

Left head and neck

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17
Q

What part(s) of the body does the subclavian artery supply blood to?

A

Left arm

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18
Q

2 incoming vessels to right atrium

A

Superior Vena Cava Inferior Vena Cava

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19
Q

From what body parts does the SVC bring blood?

A

Upper torso area

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20
Q

From what body parts does the IVC bring blood?

A

Abdomen and lower limbs

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21
Q

Define the auricles

A

2 flaps of heart tissue that come off the atria Embryological leftovers that are no longer functional after birth (look like cockerspaniel ears)

22
Q

2 borders of the heart

A

Right atrium Left atrium

23
Q

3 surfaces of the heart

A

Anterior = right ventricle Base = left atrium Diaphragmatic = right ventricle and left ventricle

24
Q

Where is the apex of the heart?

A

Bottom of left ventricle

25
Q

Where does the sound of the heart come from when you use a stethoscope?

A

Apex

26
Q

Variation in coronary arteries

A

May have 1 - 3 coronary arteries (usually have 2) 3rd can be anywhere Branches are variable

27
Q

Cause of myocardial infarct

A

Occlusion of flow in coronary arteries. Would be fixed by a functional anastomosis, allowing for retrograde flow, except that the vessels do not connect (so do not have this flow)

28
Q

When can a person survive a myocardial infarct?

A

If the occlusion is in a secondary branch since only the associated tissue dies, not the whole heart

29
Q

Where do the coronary arteries originate?

A

At the very beginning of the aorta where the aortic valve forms

30
Q

Identify this structure

A

Brachiocephalic trunk

31
Q

Identify this structure

A

Carotid artery

32
Q

Identify this structure

A

Subclavian artery

33
Q
A

Pulmonary trunk

34
Q
A

Pulmonary arteries

35
Q
A

Superior Vena Cava

36
Q
A

Auracles

37
Q
A

Right Ventricle

38
Q
A

Left ventricle

39
Q
A

Right coronary artery

40
Q
A

Left coronary artery

41
Q
A

Right marginal artery

42
Q
A

Anterior interventricular artery

43
Q
A

Posterior interventricular artery

44
Q
A

Coronary sinus

45
Q
A

Great cardiac vein

46
Q
A

Right marginal vein

47
Q
A

Middle cardiac vein

48
Q

(More anterior)

A

Left marginal vein

49
Q
A

Small cardiac vein

50
Q

More posterior

A

Left posterior ventricular vein

Block C - Circulation (26 decks)

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