Anatomy Lecture 1 Flashcards
What is the peritoneum?
The peritoneum is a single membranous, serous sac which lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers the viscera present.
What are the 2 layers of the peritoneum called?
The parietal layer = covers body wall
The visceral layer = covers the viscera
Where do the peritoneal layers derive from?
Intraembryonic selum
What are omenta?
Omenta are double folds passing from the stomach and duodenum to other organs or the body wall
What covers a lot of the omenta membrane?
Fat
What are the ligaments of the peritoneum?
Varied double layers of peritoneum which span between organs and organs or body wall
How do arterial branches reach their organs wrapped in the peritoneum?
Arterial branches travel between double folds of peritoneum, such as mesenteries and omenta, and thereby gain access to peritonised organs.
Therefore the arterial branch supplying an organ with a mesentery will travel between the folds of that mesentery
How do the organs of the abdomen develop?
From the posterior body wall and grown into the peritoneum causing it to invaginate around the organs
How does the peritoneal cavity differ between females and males?
The peritoneal cavity is open in females and closed in males
Infection may spread from vagina to peritoneum
The peritoneum has many reflections, and many recesses. List some of them
Sub-phrenic = Just beneath the diaphragm
Hepatorenal recess = Between liver and kidney
Vesico-uterine pouch and the recto-uterine pouch
What is the lesser omentum?
Small peritoneal fold.
Extends from the liver to the lesser curvature of the stomach and beginning of the duodenum.
Its free margin encloses the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile duct.
These three structures are called the portal triad.
How is the peritoneum anatomically divided?
Anatomically divided into 2 sacs linked by the epiploic foramen.
These two sacs are called the greater and lesser (omental bursa) sacs
Describe the vessels and nerves of the visceral peritoneum.
Receives autonomic nerves and vessels
Insensitive to pain
Describe the vessels and nerves of the visceral peritoneum.
Receives somatic blood vessels and nerves
Pain sensitive
What are the functions of the peritoneum?
Support- Connects organs to the body wall
Mobility - Freedom of movements
Stores fat
Passage for blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
Limit infection - greater momentum (wraps around the infected organ
