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Human Anatomy 2 > Anatomy Lab Practical 3 > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab Practical 3 Flashcards

1
Q

The most inner layer of the GI tract w/ function

A

Mucosal Layer with epithelial membrane to secrete mucus, digestive enzymes, and absorb water, vitamins, and electrolytes

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2
Q

The second layer of the GI tract w/ function

A

Sub-mucosa layer made of loose connective tissue that contains nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels.

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3
Q

The third layer of the GI tract w/ function

A

Muscularis Externa consists of inner smooth circular muscle and smooth outer longitudinal responsible for segmentation.

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4
Q

The outer layer of the GI tract

A

Serosa, covers muscularis externa.

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5
Q

Locate the Salivary Glands (3)

A
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6
Q

The function of the Salivary Glands

A

moisten food to aid in swallowing and has amylase enzyme to begin carbs digestion.

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7
Q

Locate the Incisors, canines, premolars, and molars and how many there are

A

8 Incisors-4 canines-8 premolars-12 molars

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8
Q

What is the structure of a single tooth?

A
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9
Q

What differs the mucosa epithelium from the rest of the tract?

A

It is stratified squamous epithelium

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10
Q

Where are the mucous glands located?

A

The submucosa

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11
Q

Describe upper and lower muscle portions of the muscularis externa

A

Superior is skeletal muscle, lower part is smooth muscle.

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12
Q

What are the functions of the stomach?

A

food storage, mechanical digestion (mixing), and some chemical digestion.

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13
Q

What does the mucosal layer of the stomach contain?

A

Contains gastric pits and grastric glands.

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14
Q

What are the three layers of the muscularis externa in the stomach?

A

(Inner to outter) Oblique, Circular, and Longtudinal smooth muscle.

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15
Q

Identify the parts of the stomach.

A

Rugae

Pylorus

Cardia

Fundus

Body

Cardiac Sphincter

Pyloric Sphincter

Oblique/Circular/Longitudinal Muscle

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16
Q

Function of the small intestine

A

Continues digestion, and absorbs nearly all nutrients.

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17
Q

What modifications does the small intestine have that increases absortive area?

A

Intestinal Villi (Fingers)

Microvilli (tiny cellular projections)

Plicae Circulares (Circular folds)

18
Q

What runs through the center of villi for absorption and transport of fats?

A

Lacteal

19
Q

Name the three sections of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

20
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

Absorb Water

21
Q

Identify the parts of the large intestine

A

cecum, ileocecal valve, appendix, haustra, right colic flexture, transverse colon, left colic flexure, sigmoid colon, teniae coli, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, anal canal

22
Q

Function of the liver

A

Processes food and produces bile

23
Q

Identify structure of Liver

A

Falciform ligament

Common Hepatic Duct

Common Bile Duct

Lobes-right, left, caudate, quadrate

24
Q

Function of the Gallbladder

A

Store and concentrate bile which emulsifies fat

25
Q

Function of the Pancreas

A

Holds digestive enzymes, bicarbonate ion, and neutralizes stomach acid (HCL)

26
Q

Identify the parts of the Pancreas

A

Common Hepatic Duct, Cystic duct, Common Bile Duct, Hepatopancreatic sphincter and ampulla

Main pancreatic duct, duodenal Papilla

Head, Body, Tail

27
Q

What is the Peritoneum?

A

A serous membrane that covers the abdominal cavity, consisting of 2 layers; visceral and parietal with serous fluid in between.

28
Q

Identify the Peritonial Extensions (5)

A

Mesocolon- Secures large intestine to the posterior abdomen wall.

Falciform Ligament- Seperates right and left lobes of liver.

Lesser Omentum-Extends from liver to attach to lesser curvature

Mesentery-Extends from posterior abdomen to attach to small intestine

Greter Omentum-extends from greater curvature of stomach and covers lower abdomen

29
Q

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin? Protein Digestion? Lipid Digestion? Nucleic Acid digestion?

A

Carbohydrate starts in the mouth, protein starts in the stomach, lipids and nucleic acid in the small intestine.

30
Q

Identify structures of the Urinary system

A

Urinary Bladder

Urethra

Ureters

Renal Arteries

Renal Veins

31
Q

What is the shape of the Kidneys and how much do they weigh?

A

Bean-shaped, about 5 oz.

32
Q

Identify internal and external structures of the Kidney.

A

Medulla

Minor Calyces

Renal Capsule

Renal (Medullary) Pyramid

Renal Papilla of Pyramid

Cortex

Renal Pelvis

Renal Hilus

33
Q

Identify the pathway of blood through the Kidney

A
34
Q

Locate the Gingiva, superior and inferior labial Frenulum, Linguinal Frenulum, Soft Palate, and Uvula.

A
35
Q

The function of the micrscopic tubules in the Kidney.

A

Secretion and absorption.

36
Q

Function of Bowman’s capsule in the Kidney.

A

Filtration.

37
Q

Function of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

A

Regulate blood pressure and flow.

38
Q

Identify the structures of the Urinary Bladder

A

Urethra

Trigone

External urethral orifice

Mucosa of transitional epithelium

External urethral sphincter

Detrusor Muscle

Ureteral Openings

39
Q

Identify the Renal Corpuscle and Bowman’s Capsule on a slide of the Kidney.

A
40
Q

Urine Formation is due to what three proccesses?

A

Glomerular Filtration

Reabsortion

Secretion

41
Q

What are the three mechanisms that influence blood pressure regulation of glomerular filtration rate?

A

Renal Blood Flow

Sympathetic Nervous System

Pressure-Natriuresis control

42
Q

Identify abnormal urinary constituents, and an indication of their clinical significance:

A

Glucose - diabetes

Leukocytes - infection of the urinary tract

Albumin - protein showing filtration membrane damage

Bile pigments - liver disease

Erythrocytes - trauma to kidneys

Calculi - stones from over concentrated urine

Ketone bodies - diabetes, starvation

Human Anatomy 2 (2 decks)

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