Anatomy Lab Practical 3

Question 1

The most inner layer of the GI tract w/ function

Answer 1

Mucosal Layer with epithelial membrane to secrete mucus, digestive enzymes, and absorb water, vitamins, and electrolytes

Question 2

The second layer of the GI tract w/ function

Answer 2

Sub-mucosa layer made of loose connective tissue that contains nerves, blood, and lymphatic vessels.

Question 3

The third layer of the GI tract w/ function

Answer 3

Muscularis Externa consists of inner smooth circular muscle and smooth outer longitudinal responsible for segmentation.

Question 4

The outer layer of the GI tract

Answer 4

Serosa, covers muscularis externa.

Question 5

Locate the Salivary Glands (3)

Answer 5

Question 6

The function of the Salivary Glands

Answer 6

moisten food to aid in swallowing and has amylase enzyme to begin carbs digestion.

Question 7

Locate the Incisors, canines, premolars, and molars and how many there are

Answer 7

8 Incisors-4 canines-8 premolars-12 molars

Question 8

What is the structure of a single tooth?

Answer 8

Question 9

What differs the mucosa epithelium from the rest of the tract?

Answer 9

It is stratified squamous epithelium

Question 10

Where are the mucous glands located?

Answer 10

The submucosa

Question 11

Describe upper and lower muscle portions of the muscularis externa

Answer 11

Superior is skeletal muscle, lower part is smooth muscle.

Question 12

What are the functions of the stomach?

Answer 12

food storage, mechanical digestion (mixing), and some chemical digestion.

Question 13

What does the mucosal layer of the stomach contain?

Answer 13

Contains gastric pits and grastric glands.

Question 14

What are the three layers of the muscularis externa in the stomach?

Answer 14

(Inner to outter) Oblique, Circular, and Longtudinal smooth muscle.

Question 15

Identify the parts of the stomach.

Answer 15

Rugae

Pylorus

Cardia

Fundus

Body

Cardiac Sphincter

Pyloric Sphincter

Oblique/Circular/Longitudinal Muscle

Question 16

Function of the small intestine

Answer 16

Continues digestion, and absorbs nearly all nutrients.

Question 17

What modifications does the small intestine have that increases absortive area?

Answer 17

Intestinal Villi (Fingers)

Microvilli (tiny cellular projections)

Plicae Circulares (Circular folds)

Question 18

What runs through the center of villi for absorption and transport of fats?

Answer 18

Lacteal

Question 19

Name the three sections of the small intestine

Answer 19

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 20

What is the function of the large intestine?

Answer 20

Absorb Water

Question 21

Identify the parts of the large intestine

Answer 21

cecum, ileocecal valve, appendix, haustra, right colic flexture, transverse colon, left colic flexure, sigmoid colon, teniae coli, ascending colon, descending colon, rectum, anal canal

Question 22

Function of the liver

Answer 22

Processes food and produces bile

Question 23

Identify structure of Liver

Answer 23

Falciform ligament

Common Hepatic Duct

Common Bile Duct

Lobes-right, left, caudate, quadrate

Question 24

Function of the Gallbladder

Answer 24

Store and concentrate bile which emulsifies fat

Question 25

Function of the Pancreas

Answer 25

Holds digestive enzymes, bicarbonate ion, and neutralizes stomach acid (HCL)

Question 26

Identify the parts of the Pancreas

Answer 26

Common Hepatic Duct, Cystic duct, Common Bile Duct, Hepatopancreatic sphincter and ampulla Main pancreatic duct, duodenal Papilla Head, Body, Tail

Question 27

What is the Peritoneum?

Answer 27

A serous membrane that covers the abdominal cavity, consisting of 2 layers; visceral and parietal with serous fluid in between.

Question 28

Identify the Peritonial Extensions (5)

Answer 28

Mesocolon- Secures large intestine to the posterior abdomen wall. Falciform Ligament- Seperates right and left lobes of liver. Lesser Omentum-Extends from liver to attach to lesser curvature Mesentery-Extends from posterior abdomen to attach to small intestine Greter Omentum-extends from greater curvature of stomach and covers lower abdomen

Question 29

Where does carbohydrate digestion begin? Protein Digestion? Lipid Digestion? Nucleic Acid digestion?

Answer 29

Carbohydrate starts in the mouth, protein starts in the stomach, lipids and nucleic acid in the small intestine.

Question 30

Identify structures of the Urinary system

Answer 30

Urinary Bladder Urethra Ureters Renal Arteries Renal Veins

Question 31

What is the shape of the Kidneys and how much do they weigh?

Answer 31

Bean-shaped, about 5 oz.

Question 32

Identify internal and external structures of the Kidney.

Answer 32

Medulla Minor Calyces Renal Capsule Renal (Medullary) Pyramid Renal Papilla of Pyramid Cortex Renal Pelvis Renal Hilus

Question 33

Identify the pathway of blood through the Kidney

Answer 33

Question 34

Locate the Gingiva, superior and inferior labial Frenulum, Linguinal Frenulum, Soft Palate, and Uvula.

Answer 34

Question 35

The function of the micrscopic tubules in the Kidney.

Answer 35

Secretion and absorption.

Question 36

Function of Bowman's capsule in the Kidney.

Answer 36

Filtration.

Question 37

Function of the Juxtaglomerular Apparatus

Answer 37

Regulate blood pressure and flow.

Question 38

Identify the structures of the Urinary Bladder

Answer 38

Urethra Trigone External urethral orifice Mucosa of transitional epithelium External urethral sphincter Detrusor Muscle Ureteral Openings

Question 39

Identify the Renal Corpuscle and Bowman's Capsule on a slide of the Kidney.

Answer 39

Question 40

Urine Formation is due to what three proccesses?

Answer 40

Glomerular Filtration Reabsortion Secretion

Question 41

What are the three mechanisms that influence blood pressure regulation of glomerular filtration rate?

Answer 41

Renal Blood Flow Sympathetic Nervous System Pressure-Natriuresis control

Question 42

Identify abnormal urinary constituents, and an indication of their clinical significance:

Answer 42

Glucose - diabetes Leukocytes - infection of the urinary tract Albumin - protein showing filtration membrane damage Bile pigments - liver disease Erythrocytes - trauma to kidneys Calculi - stones from over concentrated urine Ketone bodies - diabetes, starvation