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Anatomy Renal > Anatomy Lab Manual > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab Manual Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Kidneys: Maintains?

A

Body’s fluid and electrolyte balance

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2
Q

Function of Kidneys: RegUlate?

A

Volume and Composition of Urine ( Waste Products of Metabolism)

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3
Q

Function of Kidneys: Secretes?

A

Substance in circulation that regulates blood pressure and process of hematopoiesis

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4
Q

Location of Kidneys

A

Supine position: 12th thoracic to 3rd lumbar region

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5
Q

Reddish-brown in colour, 11 cm in length, 6cm in width and 3 cm thick

A

Kidney

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6
Q

What shape does kidney has?

A

Bean shape with concave medial and convex lateral borders

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7
Q

Vertical slit on the median border of the kidney?

A

Hilum

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8
Q

Hilum leads into wide space inside the kidney called?

A

Sinus of the Kidney

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9
Q

Structures of the kidney?

A 
Branches of Renal Artery
Tributaries of the Renal Veins
Renal Calyces
Renal Pelvis
Lymph vessel, nerve and fats
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10
Q

Formed by transversalis fascia (endoabdominal fascia) that enclose anterior and posterior layer of kidney and the suprarenal glands

A

Renal Fascia ( Gerotas Fascia )

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11
Q

Lies behind the kidney and located between aponeurosis of origin of the transverse abdominis muscle and posterior layer of renal fascia

A

Pararenal fat ( Retrorenal Fat )

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12
Q

Lies in fascial plane underneath renal fascia (space of gerota). Forms the fatty capsule of kidney, running around it and pass medially into hilum and insituates in the renal vessels

A

Perirenal fat

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13
Q

Fits the kidneys tightly but NOT bound to it

A

Renal Capsule ( fibrous capsule )

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14
Q

Two parts of Renal Parenchyma

A

Outer cortex and Inner Medulla

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15
Q

Continuous broad band of tissue on periphery of kidney beneath the capsule

A

Renal Cortex

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16
Q

Contains renal corpuscles and convoluted portion of renal tubules

A

Renal Cortex

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17
Q

Projects between renal pyramids towards renal sinus

A

Renal Columns of Bertini

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18
Q

Discontinuous line to renal columns

A

Renal Medulla

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19
Q

Striated conical masses varying in number from 8 - 18 and have their bases directed toward the circumference of the kidney

A

Renal Medulla

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20
Q

Nipple like apices point to renal sinus

A

Renal Papillae

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21
Q

Summit of each papillae are opening called

A

Papillary Ducts

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22
Q

From 4 -14 in number

A

Minor Calyces

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23
Q

Cup-shaped tubes, which composed of 1 or 2 or more renal papillae

A

Minor Calyces

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24
Q

2 or 3 of minor calyces unite to form what?

A

Major Calyces

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25
Funnel shaped, extending into the hilum
Renal Pelvis
26
Blood supply of the kidneys
Abdominal aorta --- Renal artery ---- Segmental artery ( 5 branches given off at the level of the hilus) --- Interlobar artery (ascends between the pyramids and renal columns, NO branches to renal parenchyma) --- Arcuate artery (found between corticomedullary junction) --- Interlobular artery (lie between the medullary rays --- Efferent arteriole --- renal glomeruli
27
Venous drainage of the kidney
Interlobular vein --- Arcuate vein -- Interlobar vein --- Renal vein --- IVC
28
Where does lymph node drain
Aortic group
29
Venous blood will drain towards?
Inferior Vena Cava
30
Nerve Supply of kidneys
Renal sympathetic plexus --- branches of renal vessel. Afferent fivers --- renal plexus and enter spinal cord (10th, 11th and 12th thoracic spinal nerves)
31
Expansible muscular tubes, whitish in color,2.5cm in length
Ureter
32
Divide to abdominal, pelvic and renal portion
Ureter
33
Main function of Ureter
transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder
34
Sequential contractions of the smooth muscle
Peristalsis
35
Right of IVC and pelvis is covered by 2nd duodenum
Right ureter
36
Blood vessel crossing in front of Right ureter
Right colic artery testicular or ovarian artery ileocolic artery superior mesenteric artery in root of mesentery.
37
left side or lateral to inferior mesenteric vein, pelvis more exposed and only covered BELOW renal vessel
Left ureter
38
Blood vessel crossing its anterior surface Left ureter
Upper left colic testicular or ovarian artery 2 or more left colic vessel
39
Blood supply of Ureter: Abdominal portion
RTC Renal artery Testicular artery Colic artery
40
Blood supply of Ureter: Pelvic portion
VM Vesical artery Middle vesical artery
41
Nerve Supply of the ureter
RTH Renal Plexus Testicular or ovarian plexus Hypogastric plexus
42
Physiological constrictions
``` Uteropelvic junction (UPJ) - between ureter and renal pelvis Pelvic brim (PB) - ureter crosses the common illiac artery Uterovesical junction (UVJ) - ureter inserts into urinary bladder ```
43
Pelvic Organ
Urinary bladder
44
Function of Urinary bladder
Temporary storage of urine
45
Infero-lateral of Urinary bladder in FEMALE
Space of Retzuis
46
Posterior of Urinary bladder in FEMALE
Vagina and cervix, seperated from them by vesicovaginal septum
47
Inferior of Urinary bladder in FEMALE
Rest directly on pelvic floor
48
Superior of Urinary bladder in FEMALE
Loosely covered by peritoneum (for distention) | Ileum and pelvic colon, uterus lie on it.
49
Infero-laterally of Urinary bladder in MALE
Rectum | separated from it by the 2 seminal vesicles and ductus deferens and by fascia of Denonvillier's
50
Superior of Urinary bladder in MALE
Loosely covered by peritoneum (for distention) | Ileum and pelvic colon
51
Inferior of Urinary bladder in MALE
Pelvic floor
52
Parts of Urinary Bladder
``` BF BAN Body (with 2 ureteral orifices) Fundus Base Apex Neck ```
53
Ligaments of Urinary Bladder
Medial puboprostatic (pubovescal ligament) Lateral puboprostatic (puboprostatic ligament) Median umbilical ligament Lateral umbilical ligament
54
from the back of symphysis pubis to bladder neck and prostate
Medial puboprostatic (pubovescal ligament)
55
form plevic fascia at area of levator ahi muscle to bladder neck prostate
Lateral puboprostatic (puboprostatic ligament)
56
from apex of the bladder to umbilicus
Median umbilical ligament
57
with median umbilical ligament, stabilizes bladder anteriorly
Lateral umbilical ligament
58
Rugose mucosa - empty | Smooth - distended
Inferior of bladder
59
Found at posterior bladder wall that remains smooth if bladder is empty. Triangular area bound by left and right ureteral orifices
Vesical trigone
60
Ureteral orifices are interconnected by elevated mucosal fold
Interureteric Ridge
61
Urethral orifice is not circular due to
Vesical Crestor Uvula
62
Produced by middle lobe of the prostate
Vesical Crestor Uvula
63
Ureter enters at what part of bladder
postero-inferior part
64
Blood Supply of Bladder: Arterial
Internal Iliac artery
65
Supply superolateral wall
Superior vesical artery
66
Supplies bladder floor, prostate and prostatic urethra
Inferiro vesical artery
67
Blood Supply of Ureter: Venous drainage
From prevesical plexus which drains into inferior vesical vein
68
Lymphatic drainage of Ureter: Anterior
external illiac of lymph nodes
69
Lymphatic drainage of Ureter: Posterior
internal illiac group of lymph nodes
70
Nerve Supply of Ureter: Sympathetic
hypogastric plexus (filling nerve)
71
Nerve Supply of Ureter: Parasympathetic
Pelvic splanchnic nerve (emptying nerve)
72
Voluntary relaxation of external sphincter
Pudendal Nerve
73
8 inches long from neck of bladder up to external meatus
Male urethra
74
3 parts of urethra
Prostatic urethra Membranous urethra Penile urethra
75
Urethra: Widest and most dilatable portion (3cm long)
Prostatic urethra
76
Urethra: least dilatable portion with in urogenital diaphragm
Membranous urethra
77
Urethra: enclosed in bulb and corpus spongiosum of penis.
Penile urethra
78
Penile urethra is dilated as it terminates distally towards?
Fossa naviularis
79
Penile urethra will terminate in?
External Urethral Meatus (narrowest part of urethra)
80
Membranous urethra is surrounded by?
Sphincter urethrae muscle
81
Prostatic urethra longitudinal elevation on posterior wall
Urethral crest
82
Prostatic Urethra: Grooves along sides of crest and receives openings of prostatic glands
Prostatic Sinuses
83
Prostatic urethra: at summit of the crest is __________ that opens into __________.
Utricle ; Urethra
84
Approx. 1.5 inches in length from neck of bladder to vaginal vestibule where it opens about 1 cm below clitoris
Female Urethra
85
Transverses sphincter uretherae
Female Urethra
86
Female Urethra: Open on either side of the urethral orifices
Paraurethral glands
87
Yellowish retroperitoneal organ that lies on upper poles of kidneys
Suprarenal or adrenal glands
88
Right shape of Suprarenal or adrenal glands
Pyramidal
89
Left shape of Suprarenal or adrenal glands
Crescentic
90
Separate Suprarenal or adrenal glands to kidneys
Perirenal fats
91
Surrounded Suprarenal or adrenal glands
Renal fascia
92
Suprarenal or adrenal glands divided into
Outer yellow colored cortex | Inner dark brown medulla
93
Cortex secretes?
Hormones
94
Hormones that cortex secretes?
MGS MIneralocorticoids Glucocorticoids Sex Hormones
95
Medulla secrets?
Catecholamines
96
Catecholamines
Epinephrine and norephinephrine
97
MIneralocorticoids
for fluid and electrolyte balance
98
Glucocorticoids
for carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism
99
Sex Hormones
for prepubertal development of sex organs
100
Arterial Supply of Suprarenal or adrenal glands
Superior superarenal artery Middle superarenal artery Inferior superarenal artery
101
Superior superarenal artery from?
inferior phrenic artery
102
Middle superarenal artery from?
abdominal aorta
103
Inferior superarenal artery from?
renal artery
104
Venous drainage
Single vein emerges from one hills
105
Venous drainage: RIGHT
ICV
106
Venous drainage: LEFT
Renal Vein
107
Nerve Supply
preganglionic sympathetic fibers from splanchnic nerves
108
relaxation of the urethral sphincter in response to increased pressure in the bladder
Micturition

Anatomy Renal (1 decks)

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