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Anatomy Renal > Anatomy Lab Manual > Flashcards

Anatomy Lab Manual Flashcards

1
Q

Function of Kidneys: Maintains?

A

Body’s fluid and electrolyte balance

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2
Q

Function of Kidneys: RegUlate?

A

Volume and Composition of Urine ( Waste Products of Metabolism)

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3
Q

Function of Kidneys: Secretes?

A

Substance in circulation that regulates blood pressure and process of hematopoiesis

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4
Q

Location of Kidneys

A

Supine position: 12th thoracic to 3rd lumbar region

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5
Q

Reddish-brown in colour, 11 cm in length, 6cm in width and 3 cm thick

A

Kidney

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6
Q

What shape does kidney has?

A

Bean shape with concave medial and convex lateral borders

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7
Q

Vertical slit on the median border of the kidney?

A

Hilum

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8
Q

Hilum leads into wide space inside the kidney called?

A

Sinus of the Kidney

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9
Q

Structures of the kidney?

A 
Branches of Renal Artery
Tributaries of the Renal Veins
Renal Calyces
Renal Pelvis
Lymph vessel, nerve and fats
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10
Q

Formed by transversalis fascia (endoabdominal fascia) that enclose anterior and posterior layer of kidney and the suprarenal glands

A

Renal Fascia ( Gerotas Fascia )

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11
Q

Lies behind the kidney and located between aponeurosis of origin of the transverse abdominis muscle and posterior layer of renal fascia

A

Pararenal fat ( Retrorenal Fat )

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12
Q

Lies in fascial plane underneath renal fascia (space of gerota). Forms the fatty capsule of kidney, running around it and pass medially into hilum and insituates in the renal vessels

A

Perirenal fat

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13
Q

Fits the kidneys tightly but NOT bound to it

A

Renal Capsule ( fibrous capsule )

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14
Q

Two parts of Renal Parenchyma

A

Outer cortex and Inner Medulla

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15
Q

Continuous broad band of tissue on periphery of kidney beneath the capsule

A

Renal Cortex

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16
Q

Contains renal corpuscles and convoluted portion of renal tubules

A

Renal Cortex

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17
Q

Projects between renal pyramids towards renal sinus

A

Renal Columns of Bertini

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18
Q

Discontinuous line to renal columns

A

Renal Medulla

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19
Q

Striated conical masses varying in number from 8 - 18 and have their bases directed toward the circumference of the kidney

A

Renal Medulla

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20
Q

Nipple like apices point to renal sinus

A

Renal Papillae

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21
Q

Summit of each papillae are opening called

A

Papillary Ducts

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22
Q

From 4 -14 in number

A

Minor Calyces

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23
Q

Cup-shaped tubes, which composed of 1 or 2 or more renal papillae

A

Minor Calyces

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24
Q

2 or 3 of minor calyces unite to form what?

A

Major Calyces

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25
Q

Funnel shaped, extending into the hilum

A

Renal Pelvis

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26
Q

Blood supply of the kidneys

A

Abdominal aorta — Renal artery —- Segmental artery ( 5 branches given off at the level of the hilus) — Interlobar artery (ascends between the pyramids and renal columns, NO branches to renal parenchyma) — Arcuate artery (found between corticomedullary junction) — Interlobular artery (lie between the medullary rays — Efferent arteriole — renal glomeruli

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27
Q

Venous drainage of the kidney

A

Interlobular vein — Arcuate vein – Interlobar vein — Renal vein — IVC

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28
Q

Where does lymph node drain

A

Aortic group

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29
Q

Venous blood will drain towards?

A

Inferior Vena Cava

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30
Q

Nerve Supply of kidneys

A

Renal sympathetic plexus — branches of renal vessel. Afferent fivers — renal plexus and enter spinal cord (10th, 11th and 12th thoracic spinal nerves)

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31
Q

Expansible muscular tubes, whitish in color,2.5cm in length

A

Ureter

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32
Q

Divide to abdominal, pelvic and renal portion

A

Ureter

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33
Q

Main function of Ureter

A

transport urine from kidneys to urinary bladder

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34
Q

Sequential contractions of the smooth muscle

A

Peristalsis

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35
Q

Right of IVC and pelvis is covered by 2nd duodenum

A

Right ureter

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36
Q

Blood vessel crossing in front of Right ureter

A

Right colic artery
testicular or ovarian artery
ileocolic artery
superior mesenteric artery in root of mesentery.

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37
Q

left side or lateral to inferior mesenteric vein, pelvis more exposed and only covered BELOW renal vessel

A

Left ureter

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38
Q

Blood vessel crossing its anterior surface Left ureter

A

Upper left colic
testicular or ovarian artery
2 or more left colic vessel

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39
Q

Blood supply of Ureter: Abdominal portion

A

RTC
Renal artery
Testicular artery
Colic artery

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40
Q

Blood supply of Ureter: Pelvic portion

A

VM
Vesical artery
Middle vesical artery

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41
Q

Nerve Supply of the ureter

A

RTH
Renal Plexus
Testicular or ovarian plexus
Hypogastric plexus

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42
Q

Physiological constrictions

A 
Uteropelvic junction (UPJ) - between ureter and renal pelvis
Pelvic brim (PB) - ureter crosses the common illiac artery
Uterovesical junction (UVJ) - ureter inserts into urinary bladder
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43
Q

Pelvic Organ

A

Urinary bladder

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44
Q

Function of Urinary bladder

A

Temporary storage of urine

45
Q

Infero-lateral of Urinary bladder in FEMALE

A

Space of Retzuis

46
Q

Posterior of Urinary bladder in FEMALE

A

Vagina and cervix, seperated from them by vesicovaginal septum

47
Q

Inferior of Urinary bladder in FEMALE

A

Rest directly on pelvic floor

48
Q

Superior of Urinary bladder in FEMALE

A

Loosely covered by peritoneum (for distention)

Ileum and pelvic colon, uterus lie on it.

49
Q

Infero-laterally of Urinary bladder in MALE

A

Rectum

separated from it by the 2 seminal vesicles and ductus deferens and by fascia of Denonvillier’s

50
Q

Superior of Urinary bladder in MALE

A

Loosely covered by peritoneum (for distention)

Ileum and pelvic colon

51
Q

Inferior of Urinary bladder in MALE

A

Pelvic floor

52
Q

Parts of Urinary Bladder

A 
BF BAN
Body (with 2 ureteral orifices)
Fundus
Base
Apex
Neck
53
Q

Ligaments of Urinary Bladder

A

Medial puboprostatic (pubovescal ligament)
Lateral puboprostatic (puboprostatic ligament)
Median umbilical ligament
Lateral umbilical ligament

54
Q

from the back of symphysis pubis to bladder neck and prostate

A

Medial puboprostatic (pubovescal ligament)

55
Q

form plevic fascia at area of levator ahi muscle to bladder neck prostate

A

Lateral puboprostatic (puboprostatic ligament)

56
Q

from apex of the bladder to umbilicus

A

Median umbilical ligament

57
Q

with median umbilical ligament, stabilizes bladder anteriorly

A

Lateral umbilical ligament

58
Q

Rugose mucosa - empty

Smooth - distended

A

Inferior of bladder

59
Q

Found at posterior bladder wall that remains smooth if bladder is empty. Triangular area bound by left and right ureteral orifices

A

Vesical trigone

60
Q

Ureteral orifices are interconnected by elevated mucosal fold

A

Interureteric Ridge

61
Q

Urethral orifice is not circular due to

A

Vesical Crestor Uvula

62
Q

Produced by middle lobe of the prostate

A

Vesical Crestor Uvula

63
Q

Ureter enters at what part of bladder

A

postero-inferior part

64
Q

Blood Supply of Bladder: Arterial

A

Internal Iliac artery

65
Q

Supply superolateral wall

A

Superior vesical artery

66
Q

Supplies bladder floor, prostate and prostatic urethra

A

Inferiro vesical artery

67
Q

Blood Supply of Ureter: Venous drainage

A

From prevesical plexus which drains into inferior vesical vein

68
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Ureter: Anterior

A

external illiac of lymph nodes

69
Q

Lymphatic drainage of Ureter: Posterior

A

internal illiac group of lymph nodes

70
Q

Nerve Supply of Ureter: Sympathetic

A

hypogastric plexus (filling nerve)

71
Q

Nerve Supply of Ureter: Parasympathetic

A

Pelvic splanchnic nerve (emptying nerve)

72
Q

Voluntary relaxation of external sphincter

A

Pudendal Nerve

73
Q

8 inches long from neck of bladder up to external meatus

A

Male urethra

74
Q

3 parts of urethra

A

Prostatic urethra
Membranous urethra
Penile urethra

75
Q

Urethra: Widest and most dilatable portion (3cm long)

A

Prostatic urethra

76
Q

Urethra: least dilatable portion with in urogenital diaphragm

A

Membranous urethra

77
Q

Urethra: enclosed in bulb and corpus spongiosum of penis.

A

Penile urethra

78
Q

Penile urethra is dilated as it terminates distally towards?

A

Fossa naviularis

79
Q

Penile urethra will terminate in?

A

External Urethral Meatus (narrowest part of urethra)

80
Q

Membranous urethra is surrounded by?

A

Sphincter urethrae muscle

81
Q

Prostatic urethra longitudinal elevation on posterior wall

A

Urethral crest

82
Q

Prostatic Urethra: Grooves along sides of crest and receives openings of prostatic glands

A

Prostatic Sinuses

83
Q

Prostatic urethra: at summit of the crest is __________ that opens into __________.

A

Utricle ; Urethra

84
Q

Approx. 1.5 inches in length from neck of bladder to vaginal vestibule where it opens about 1 cm below clitoris

A

Female Urethra

85
Q

Transverses sphincter uretherae

A

Female Urethra

86
Q

Female Urethra: Open on either side of the urethral orifices

A

Paraurethral glands

87
Q

Yellowish retroperitoneal organ that lies on upper poles of kidneys

A

Suprarenal or adrenal glands

88
Q

Right shape of Suprarenal or adrenal glands

89
Q

Left shape of Suprarenal or adrenal glands

A

Crescentic

90
Q

Separate Suprarenal or adrenal glands to kidneys

A

Perirenal fats

91
Q

Surrounded Suprarenal or adrenal glands

A

Renal fascia

92
Q

Suprarenal or adrenal glands divided into

A

Outer yellow colored cortex

Inner dark brown medulla

93
Q

Cortex secretes?

94
Q

Hormones that cortex secretes?

A

MGS
MIneralocorticoids
Glucocorticoids
Sex Hormones

95
Q

Medulla secrets?

A

Catecholamines

96
Q

Catecholamines

A

Epinephrine and norephinephrine

97
Q

MIneralocorticoids

A

for fluid and electrolyte balance

98
Q

Glucocorticoids

A

for carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism

99
Q

Sex Hormones

A

for prepubertal development of sex organs

100
Q

Arterial Supply of Suprarenal or adrenal glands

A

Superior superarenal artery
Middle superarenal artery
Inferior superarenal artery

101
Q

Superior superarenal artery from?

A

inferior phrenic artery

102
Q

Middle superarenal artery from?

A

abdominal aorta

103
Q

Inferior superarenal artery from?

A

renal artery

104
Q

Venous drainage

A

Single vein emerges from one hills

105
Q

Venous drainage: RIGHT

106
Q

Venous drainage: LEFT

A

Renal Vein

107
Q

Nerve Supply

A

preganglionic sympathetic fibers from splanchnic nerves

108
Q

relaxation of the urethral sphincter in response to increased pressure in the bladder

A

Micturition

Anatomy Renal (1 decks)

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