Anatomy Lab 2 Flashcards
How would you divide the abdomen into 9 quadrants
Hypochondriac (R/L)
Lumbar (R/L)
Iliac (R/L)
Epigastric
Umbilical
Hypogastric
What is the action of the abdominal musculature (external and internal obliques, transversus abdominus, and rectus abdominus)?
External oblique: Pull chest down, compress abdominal cavity, which increases intra-abdominal pressure
Internal oblique: Ipsilateral rotation and side bending. Also an accessory muscle of respiration
Transversus abdominus: Compress ribs and viscera, providing thoracic and pelvic stability
Rectus abdominus: Flex trunk anteriorly
What are the dermatomes of the pubic bone and umbilicus?
Umbilicus: T10
Pubic Bone: L1
How would you describe the inguinal ligament?
The inguinal ligament is a band running from the anterior superior iliac spine to the pubic tubercule of the pubic bone
What is an umbilical hernia?
When part of one’s intestines bulge through the opening in the abdominal muscles near the bellybutton. It is most common in infants and typically harmless
What structures would you find in the spermatic cord? What are the layers of the spermatic cord? Which anterior abdominal layers do they derive from?
Vans deferens, testicular artery, genital branch of genitofemoral nerve, pampiniform plexus of veins
3 Layers of tissue: External spermatic fascia, cremasteric muscle and fascia, and the internal spermatic fascia
The external spermatic fascia is derived from the external oblique muscle
The cremaster muscle and fascia are derived from the internal oblique
The internal spermatic fascia is derived from the transversalis fascia
What is and where does the round ligament of the uterus attach on either end?
Round ligament of the uterus is a ligament that connects the uterus to the labia majora
Describe the difference between a direct and indirect hernia
A direct inguinal hernia enters through a weak point in the fascia of the abdominal wall (Hesselbach triangle). It will be medial to the inferior epigastric vessels and is not covered by internal spermatic fascia
An indirect inguinal hernia protrudes through the inguinal ring and is the result of a failure of embryonic closure of the processus vaginalis after the testicle passes through it. It is lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels and is covered by the internal spermatic fascia
What is a femoral hernia?
When abdominal contents pass through a weak point in the abdominal wall called the femoral canal.
Why might you place your hand over the superficial inguinal ring and femoral region and ask your patient to cough?
Checking for hernia
What is Hesselbach’s triangle and its boundaries?
A region in the abdominal wall at which a hernia can occur
Medial: Rectus abdominus
Lateral: Inferior epigastric vessels
Inferior: Inguinal ligament
Describe what is found within the median, medial, and lateral umbilical folds and their clinical significance.
The median and middle umbilical folds do not contain active parts. However, the lateral folds cover the inferior epigastric arteries.
What is the function of the pampiniform plexus? What does it drain?
It’s function is to regulate testicle temperature so sperm can occur. It drains the testicles and epididymis
Which aponeuroses form the posterior rectus sheath?
Half of the internal oblique, all of the transversus abdominis.
Ends at the arcuate line, and then there is only transversalis fascia, extraperitoneal fascia, and parietal peritoneum.
Which aponeuroses form the anterior rectus sheath?
Above the arcuate line: Aponeuroses of the external oblique and half of the internal oblique
Below the arcuate line: External oblique, entire internal oblique, transversus abdominis
