Anatomy Lab #1: Part 3 Cells

Question 1

Define amphipathic

Answer 1

A molecule that possess both hydrophobic & hydrophilic regions

Question 2

Define simple diffusion

Answer 2

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; does
not need chemical energy, a membrane, or carrier proteins to work

Question 3

Define facilitated diffusion

Answer 3

Movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration; does
not need chemical energy, but does need carrier proteins embedded in the membrane to work

Question 4

Define osmosis

Answer 4

Diffusion of water across a membrane. Water moves from where it is high to where it is low

Question 5

Define active transport

Answer 5

Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration; needs
ATP and carrier proteins embedded in the membrane to work

Question 6

Define endocytosis

Answer 6

Transportation of large molecules into the cell via the formation of a vesicle

Question 7

Define exocytosis

Answer 7

Transportation of large molecules out the cell via the formation of a vesicle

Question 8

What is the difference between phagocytosis and pinocytosis?

Answer 8

Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis which is defined as “cellular eating” of solid matter, while pinocytosis is a form of endocytosis which is defined as “cellular drinking” of extracellular fluid

Question 9

What is the function of the plasma membrane?

Answer 9

Protection; regulates the passage of material

Question 10

Function of nucleus

Answer 10

Control center; contains DNA

Question 11

Function of Cytoskeleton

Answer 11

Structure, support, motility

Question 12

Function of Mitochondria

Answer 12

Cell Respiration Power House of the Cell

Question 13

Function of Lysosome

Answer 13

Digestion

Question 14

Function of Rough ER

Answer 14

Possesses ribosomes on its surface for the modification,
transport, packaging of proteins

Question 15

Function of Golgi Bodies

Answer 15

It processes, sorts, packages, & delivers proteins & lipids to the
plasma membrane & forms lysosomes & secretory vesicles

Question 16

Function of Ribosomes

Answer 16

Protein Synthesis

Question 17

Function of Nucleolus

Answer 17

Ribosome Production

Question 18

Function of Peroxisomes

Answer 18

Digestion and Detoxification

Question 19

Function of Centrioles

Answer 19

Forms mitotic spindles

Question 20

Name the stages of the Cell Cycle

Answer 20

Interphase and Mitosis

Question 21

What are the stages of interphase and what occurs in each?

Answer 21

G1, S, G2

G1 and G2 are growth stages preparing for mitosis
S Phase is where DNA is replicated

Question 22

What are the 4 stages of mitosis and briefly describe what occurs in each of them.

Answer 22

Prophase - Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope disintegrates, spindle formation
Metaphase - Chromosome alignment on metaphase plate/equator
Anaphase - Chromosome separation
Telophase - Chromosomes decondense, nuclear envelope reforms; 2 daughter cells formed