Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

2018 - DMED 511 Mid-Term > Anatomy Introduction > Flashcards

Anatomy Introduction Flashcards

by Walji

1
Q

The anatomical position consists of 4 points:

A
  1. Standing upright.
  2. Head, eyes, toes forwards.
  3. Upper limbs by the sides.
  4. Palms facing forwards (supine) and thumbs directed outwards, away from the palms.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What’s the purpose of creating and defining anatomical position?

A

Creates a convention accepted worldwide, and ensures uniform terminology for describing the human body and its parts relative to one another.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Name the 3 Anatomical Planes… (some say 4):

A
  1. Midsagittal (Median plane)
  2. Parasagittal (Paramedian)
  3. Coronal (Frontal)
  4. Horizontal (Axial, transverse plane)

Bonus: sometimes use oblique plane (divides body at angle)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the sagittal plane, and its terms of reference?

A

Latin word for ‘arrow’, so back to front.

Divides the body into left and right.

Medial to describe towards the midline, and Lateral for away from midline.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the coronal plane, and its terms of reference?

A

Also called frontal plane, divides body into front and back.

CAP-VD

Anterior towards the front, Posterior towards the back.

aka Ventral (abdominal/underside) and Dorsal (back)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the horizontal plane, and its terms of reference?

A

Also called axial or transverse.

Divides the body into top or bottom.

Superior towards the top, Inferior towards the bottom.

aka cranial (head) / rostral (beak) vs. caudal (tail)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What plane does an MRI scan in, and what orientation is the patient?

A

MRI scans in the Horizontal/Axial plane.

Patient is on their back, looking at their feet (their right is on the left of the image).

Cannot get Sagittal or Coronal images! They are reconstructed from axial images!

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Name the 2 dorsal and 3 ventral body cavities:

A

Dorsal:

  1. Cranial
  2. Vertebral (spinal)

Ventral:

  1. Thoracic
  2. Abdominal
  3. Pelvic
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What separates the ventral body cavities?

A

The diaphram separates the thoracic and abdominal cavity.

Nothing separates the abdominal and pelvic cavities, and they are sometimes referred to as the abdominopelvic cavity.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What’s in the thoracic cavity (4)?

A

2 Pleural cavities

Superior mediastinum

Pericardial cavity (“around” the heart) within the mediastinum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Name the 6 main anatomical regions, and their use in clinical medicine.

A
  1. Head & Neck - Neurosciences
  2. Thorax - Cardiopulmonary
  3. Abdomen - Gastrointestinal
  4. Pelvis - Reproductive
  5. Upper Limb (extremity) - Musculoskeletal
  6. Lower Limb (extremity) - Musculoskeletal
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Look at your arm. What are the parts called (6)?

A
  1. Shoulder
  2. Upper arm
  3. Elbow
  4. Forearm
  5. Wrist
  6. Hand
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Look at your lower limb. What are the parts called (6)?

A
  1. Hip
  2. Thigh
  3. Knee
  4. Leg
  5. Ankle
  6. Foot
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What positional terms are used to describe the limbs?

A

Proximal - closer to the root (base) of the limb

Distal - away from the root/base

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What describes body parts coming closer together, and away from one another?

A

Flexion - closer together

Extenstion - coming apart

Thumb in/out of palm.

Upper and Lower limbs, reducing angle = flexion. Increasing angle = extension.

Trunk bending fowards (flexion), bending backwards (extension)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What describes limbs moving towards or adding to the midline?

What describes limbs moving away (taking away) from the midline?

A

Adduction - towards or adding to midline

Abduction - away from midline

17
Q

What describes facing posteriorly or inferiourly if resting on a surface?

What describes facing anteriorly or superiorly if resting on a surface?

A

Pronation - facing the back or bottom

Supination - facing the front or top. Palms holding “soup”

18
Q

What terms describe rotation?

A

Lateral (external) rotation - turning outwards, away from the midline

Medial (internal) rotation - turning inwards, towards the midline

19
Q

What term describes combines flexion/extension and adduction/abduction? Give an example.

A

Circumduction - circular movement of a limb (no rotation about the axis)

20
Q

What are the 3 layers of skin and their roles?

A
  1. Stratum Corneum - part of epidermis, layer of dead, cornified (keratinized) cells.
  2. Epidermis - layer of stratified squamous epithelium. Built to withstand abrasion and barrier against infection and water.
  3. Dermis - dense irregular connective tissue. Brings blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics to skin; contains hair follicles, sweat and sebaceous glands. Collagen bundles give skin its “grain” (Langer’s Lines), lines of tension important to consider for healing and scar formation.
21
Q

What are the layers beneath the skin (subcutaneous)?

A
  1. Superficial fascia (subcutaneous tissue) - Loose areolar connective tissue with fat that forms “packing material” of body. AKA subcutaneous fat. Contains the platysma muscle and mammary gland in females.
  2. Deep Fascia - Layer of connective tissue that surrounds all skeletal muscle; important in lower limb for venous return.
  3. Skeletal muscle
22
Q

How are wounds classified?

A
  1. Superficial wounds penetrate to the superficial fascia (fat layer)
  2. Deep wounds penetrate to deep fascia or deeper (into muscle)
23
Q

How are burns classified? (3)

A

1st degree burns involves the epidermis (superficial/partial thickness burn)

2nd degree burns involves the dermis (deep dermal/partial thickness burn)

1st and 2nd degree heal 2-3 weeks; epithelial cells lining ducts of sweat glands and hair migrate to surface.

3rd degree burns go down to deep fascia (full thickness burn).

Heal only from periphery and require skin grafting.

Greatest risk of infection, hypervolemic shock (no protective layer of skin).

24
Q

Build the female breast using anatomical and clinical terminology.

A

From the deep layer to surface (posterior to anterior):

  1. Intercostal muscles
  2. Pectoralis minor muscle with deep fascia
  3. Pectoralis major muscle with deep fascia
  4. Retromammary space - loose connective tissue
  5. Superficial fascia - fatty layer of breast. Contains lobules of mammary gland, lactiferous ducts and connective tissues supports (Cooper’s ligaments)
  6. Skin and Nipple

2018 - DMED 511 Mid-Term (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions