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ICM 1 > Anatomy: Intro to Skeletal, CV, and Lymphatic Systems > Flashcards

Anatomy: Intro to Skeletal, CV, and Lymphatic Systems Flashcards

1
Q

7 locations for pulses? Corresponding vessel?

A
  1. In the neck inferior to the mastoid bone (carotid artery)
  2. On the anterior midline aspect of the elbow (brachial artery)
  3. At the styloid process of the radius lateral to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle (radial artery)
  4. At the groin (femoral artery)
  5. In the popliteal fossa (popliteal artery)
  6. Medial side of the foot and posterior to the medial malleolus (posterior tibial artery)
  7. On anterior surface of foot (dorsalis pedis artery)
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2
Q

5 major arteries of the upper extremity?

A
  1. Brachial
  2. Ulnar
  3. Radial
  4. Superficial palmar arches
  5. Deep palmar arches
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3
Q

4 types of appendicular bones?

A
  1. Pectoral girdles
  2. Upper limbs
  3. Pelvic girdle
  4. Lower limbs
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4
Q

2 bones of pectoral girdles?

A
  1. Clavicle

2. Scapula

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5
Q

6 bones of upper limbs? Number per limb?

A
  1. Humerus
  2. Ulna
  3. Radius
  4. Carpals (8)
  5. Metacarpals (5)
  6. Phalanges (14)
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6
Q

2 bones of pelvic girdle?

A

Pelvic bones

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7
Q

7 bones of lower limbs? Number per limb?

A
  1. Femur
  2. Patella
  3. Fibula
  4. Tibia
  5. Tarsals (7)
  6. Metatarsals (5)
  7. Phalanges (14)
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8
Q

% of blood based on location at any given time?

A
  1. Systemic veins and venules: 64%
  2. Systemic arteries and arterioles: 13%
  3. Pulmonary vessels: 9%
  4. Heart: 7%
  5. Systemic capillaries: 7%
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9
Q

Are there more veins or arteries?

A

VEINS!

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10
Q

How long is the ascending aorta?

A

5 cm

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11
Q

Vertebral level of thoracic aorta?

A

T5-T12

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12
Q

Vertebral level of abdominal aorta?

A

T12-L4

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13
Q

Artery for pelvic region?

A

Internal iliac

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14
Q

Artery for lower limb?

A

External iliac

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15
Q

What blood returns to the heart via the SVC?

A

Blood from all structures above the diaphragm, except lung and heart

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16
Q

What blood returns to the heart via the IVC?

A

From all structures below the diaphragm, except gastrointestinal tract

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17
Q

What veins form the SVC?

A
  1. Right brachiocephalic vein
  2. Left brachiocephalic vein
  3. Arch of the azygos vein
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18
Q

What veins form the brachiocephalic veins?

A
  1. Internal jugular vein

2. Subclavian vein

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19
Q

What veins form the IVC?

A

Right and left common iliac veins

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20
Q

Vertebral level at which IVC passes through diaphragm?

A

T8

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21
Q

Which veins contain valves that maintain blood flow toward the heart?

A

Superficial veins of upper and lower extremities

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22
Q

In which vein are valves prominent?

A

Great saphenous vein

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23
Q

Where does the thoracic duct dump?

A

Junction between the left internal jugular vein and left subclavian vein

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24
Q

What drains through the right lymphatic duct?

A

Lymph from the right side of the thorax, the right upper extremity, the right side of the head and neck

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25
Q

Where does the right lymphatic duct dump?

A

Junction between the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein

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26
Q

What nerves accompany the axillary artery?

A

Brachial plexus

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27
Q

At what point does the axillary artery become the brachial artery?

A

When it emerges from the axilla

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28
Q

At what point does the brachial artery become the radial and ulnar arteries?

A

Beyond the elbow after the cubital fossa

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29
Q

Where does the radial artery course?

A

Down the level of the styloid process of the radius

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30
Q

What are the 2 principal veins of the upper extremity? Where does each begin?

A
  1. Basilic vein: medial side of the hand

2. Cephalic vein: lateral side of the hand

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31
Q

At what point does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

A

At the lateral edge of the 1st rib

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32
Q

From what vein do the basilic and cephalic veins arise?

A

Dorsal venous arch of the hand

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33
Q

Radius: medial or lateral?

A

Lateral

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34
Q

Ulna: medial or lateral?

A

Medial

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35
Q

What is the median cubital vein?

A

Connecting channel that runs upward and medially from the cephalic vein to the basilic vein

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36
Q

Where and how does the basilic vein join the brachial vein?

A

It passes along the medial side of the arm and pierces the deep fascia about 8-10 cm above the elbow

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37
Q

Where and how does the cephalic vein join the axillary vein?

A

It passes along the lateral side of the arm and enters the deltopectoral groove between the pectoralis major muscle and deltoid muscle. It pierces the fascia of the deltopectoral triangle to join the axillary vein

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38
Q

4 main structures in axilla?

A
  1. Axillary artery
  2. Axillary vein
  3. Lymph nodes
  4. Brachial plexus
39
Q

Where are the major lymph nodes of the upper extremity located?

A
  1. Axillary region

2. Cubital region

40
Q

5 groups of axillary lymph nodes?

A
  1. Apical
  2. Central
  3. Subscapular (posterior)
  4. Pectoral (anterior)
  5. Humeral (lateral)
41
Q

Which part of the breast do axillary nodes drain?

A

Upper lateral quadrant

42
Q

Where does the external iliac become the femoral artery?

A

When it passes posterior to the inguinal ligament to enter the thigh

43
Q

How does the femoral artery become the popliteal artery?

A

It passes through the adductor hiatus to enter the popliteal fossa

44
Q

What does the popliteal artery split into?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

45
Q

From what artery does the dorsalis pedis artery come from?

A

From the anterior tibial artery

46
Q

Which arteries form the plantar arterial arches?

A

Anterior and posterior tibial arteries

47
Q

What is the largest superficial vein of the lower extremity?

A

Great saphenous vein

48
Q

From what vein does the great saphenous vein arise?

A

From the medial side of the dorsal venous arch

49
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein pass as it crosses the ankle joint?

A

It passes anterior to medial malleolus of the tibia

50
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein pass in the leg and thigh?

A

It courses posterior to the medial aspect of the knee and along the medial aspect of the thigh

51
Q

Where does the great saphenous vein join the femoral vein?

A

Approximately 5 to 10 cm below the inguinal ligament, the great saphenous vein passes through the opening of the fascia lata, called the saphenous hiatus and joins

52
Q

What is the accessory saphenous vein?

A

Vein that passes along the medial aspect of the upper thigh and joins the great saphenous vein before it pierces the fascia lata

53
Q

From what vein does the the small saphenous vein arise?

A

From the lateral side of the dorsal venous arch

54
Q

Which vein does the small saphenous vein join?

A

Popliteal vein

55
Q

Where does the small saphenous pass the ankle joint?

A

It passes posterior to the lateral malleolus into the posterior aspect of the leg

56
Q

What does the popliteal vein become?

A

It becomes the femoral vein

57
Q

What vein does the great saphenous vein join?

A

The femoral vein

58
Q

Where are the main lymph nodes of the lower limb located?

A

Inguinal region and popliteal region

59
Q

What are the 2 types of superficial inguinal lymph nodes? Where is each located?

A
  1. Horizontal: they parallel the inguinal ligament and are located about 2 cm below it
  2. Vertical: they pass along both sides of the great saphenous vein near the saphenous hiatus
60
Q

What are the 2 sets of veins in the limbs? Explain.

A
  1. Deep: parallels the arterial system; therefore, the veins of the deep system are named similarly to the arteries
  2. Superficial
61
Q

What is elephantitis?

A

Parasite attacks lymph nodes causing huge lymphedemas

62
Q

What tendon is directly medial to the radial artery at the wrist joint?

A

Tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle

63
Q

Which arteries contributes to the deep and superficial palmar arches?

A

Radial artery (deep MAINLY) and ulnar arteries (superficial mainly)

64
Q

Is the head of the radius proximal or distal?

65
Q

Is the head of the ulna proximal or distal?

66
Q

How many carpal bones articulate with the radius? Which ones?

A

2

Scaphoid and lunate bones

67
Q

What is the inguinal ligament attached to?

A

Pubic tubercle and ASIS

68
Q

What is the fibular artery?

A

Branch of the anterior tibial artery that runs more lateral

69
Q

In between which 2 structures does the anterior tibial artery pass?

A

Tibia and fibula

70
Q

What does the anterior tibial artery pass under before giving rise to dorsalis pedis artery?

A

Retinaculum (connective tissue)

71
Q

Which tarsal bone articulate with the fibula and tibia?

72
Q

Does the femur articulate with both the tibia and fibula?

A

NOPE, only tibia

73
Q

Which bone does the medial malleolus belong to?

74
Q

Which bones does the lateral malleolus belong to?

75
Q

Which tarsal is the heel bone?

76
Q

Which is more lateral from anterior view: greater or lesser tubercle of humerus?

77
Q

What fits in the olecranon fossa of the humerus?

78
Q

Where is the trochlea location on the humerus?

A

Inferior to the olecranon fossa

79
Q

Is the olecranon fossa on the anterior or posterior side of the humerus?

80
Q

How to find the capitulum of the humerus?

A

Anterior view, lateral protrusion

81
Q

Difference between anatomical and surgical neck of humerus?

A

Anatomical is more superior

82
Q

What does the spine of the scapula connect?

A

Acromion to the rest of the bone

83
Q

What does the coracoid process of the scapula articulate with?

A

Humerus and clavicle

84
Q

Which vein connects to the axillary: basilic or cephalic vein?

85
Q

How many phalanges do the thumb and big toe have? Name them.

A

2: proximal and distal

86
Q

How many phalanges do the fingers and toes other than the thumb and big toe have? Name them.

A

3: proximal, middle, distal

87
Q

Which part of hip bone articulates with femur?

A

Acetabulum

88
Q

Which part of hip bone does the greater sciatic notch belong to?

89
Q

Which part of hip bone does the lesser sciatic notch belong to?

90
Q

Which is more medial: tibia or fibula?

91
Q

Are the condyles of the tibia proximal or distal?

92
Q

Are the condyles of the humerus proximal or distal?

93
Q

Are the condyles of the femur proximal or distal?

ICM 1 (2 decks)

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