Anatomy Intro Flashcards

1
Q

Dissection

A

To cut open

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2
Q

Prosection

A

Carefully prepared dissections for the demonstration of anatomical structures

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3
Q

Fascia

A

Thin sheath of fibrous connective tissue enclosing a muscle or other organ

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4
Q

Foramen

A

An opening or hole, providing passage, especially through a bone

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5
Q

Fissure

A

A groove or tear between two structures

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6
Q

Fossa

A

Hollow or depressed area

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7
Q

Pleura

A

Membrane lining the thoracic cavity (parietal pleura) and covering the lungs (visceral pleura)

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8
Q

Bilateral

A

Paired structures having right and left members (e.g. the kidneys)

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9
Q

Unilateral

A

Structures occurring on one side only (e.g spleen)

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10
Q

Ipsilateral

A

Occurring on the same side of the body as another structure; The knee and foot of the same lower limb is considered ipsilateral, same side

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11
Q

Contralateral

A

Occurring on the opposite side of the body relative to another structure; the right hand is contralateral to the left hand

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12
Q

Superior

A

A structure nearer to the top of the cranium

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13
Q

Inferior

A

A structure nearer to the bottom of the feet

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14
Q

Cranial

A

Relates to the cranium and also used directionally toward the head

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15
Q

Caudal

A

Directionally toward the feet or tail/ coccyx

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16
Q

Medial

A

Near the median plane of body

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17
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the median plane of the body

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18
Q

Proximal

A

Contrasting positions that are near from the attachment of a limb

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19
Q

Distal

A

Contrasting positions that are further from the attachment of a limb

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20
Q

Anterior

A

Front

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21
Q

Ventral

A

Front

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22
Q

Posterior

A

Back

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23
Q

Dorsal

A

Back

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24
Q

Dorsum

A

Usually refers to the superior aspect of any part that protrudes anteriorly from the body, such as the dorsum of the tongue, nose, penis, or foot. It is also used to describe the posterior surface of the hand

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25
Q

Palmar Surface

A

Surface of the hand and fingers corresponding to the palm

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26
Q

Plantar Surface

A

Surface of the foot and toes corresponding to the sole

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27
Q

Rostral

A

Often used instead of anterior when describing parts of the brain (Lat. for beak); nearer the anterior part of the head (e.g. The frontal lobe of the brain is rostral to the cerebellum)

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28
Q

External

A

Outside of or farther from the center of an organ or cavity, independent of direction

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29
Q

Internal

A

Inside or closer to the center of an organ or cavity, independent of direction

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30
Q

Cells

A

The basic structural and functional unit of organisms; they can connect body parts, form lining of body cavities, gather information, and maintain homeostasis.

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31
Q

Tissue

A

A collection of cells with similar structure and function

32
Q

Epithelia

A

The tissue of the skin

33
Q

Connective tissue

A

Cartilage, blood, and bone

34
Q

Muscle

A

A type of tissue; skeletal and smooth

35
Q

Nervous tissue

A

Type of tissue

36
Q

Cutaneous

A

A type of membrane; skin

37
Q

Mucus

A

A type of membrane; lines the digestive, respiratory, and urogenital tracts)

38
Q

Serous

A

A type of membrane; lines closed cavities such as heart sac (pericardium), thoracic wall (pleura), and abdominal pelvic viscera (peritoneum)

39
Q

Organs

A

A collection of tissues and membrane that perform a specific function

40
Q

Organ system

A

A collection of organs that perform a specific process (e.g. GI tract)

41
Q

Coronal plane

A

Vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

42
Q

Frontal plane

A

Vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts

43
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane, diving the left from the right

44
Q

Median plane

A

The vertical anterioposterior plane passing longitudinally through the midlines of the head, neck, and trunk where it intersects the surface of the body, dividing it into right and left halves

45
Q

Transverse plane

A

Horizontal planes passing through the body at right angles to the median and frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts

46
Q

Axial plane

A

Horizontal planes passing through the body at right angles to the median and frontal planes, dividing the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts

47
Q

Anatomical position

A

Provides a standard reference point to describe the body, the location of structures, and the relationships between them. Position includes: face looking forward with forward gaze, arms adjacent to body and hands by side with palms facing forward, and feet together with toes pointed forward and lower limbs together

48
Q

Supine

A

Lying on the back, face upward

49
Q

Recumbent

A

Laying on the back, face upward

50
Q

Prone

A

Laying on the abdomen, face downward

51
Q

Superficial

A

Nearer to the surface

52
Q

Intermediate

A

Between a superficial and a deep structure

53
Q

Deep

A

Farther from the surface

54
Q

Regional/topographical anatomy

A

Considers the organization of the human body as major parts or segments, which may then be further subdivided into areas or regions

55
Q

Dermatomes

A

A region of skin that is innervated by one nerve level arising from the spinal cord

56
Q

Flexion

A

Decreasing the angle between two structures as they bend or move closer together

57
Q

Extension

A

Increasing the angle between two structures as they move further apart

58
Q

Abduction

A

Any movement away from midline

59
Q

Adduction

A

Any movement towards the midline

60
Q

Lateral rotation

A

A rotating movement away from the midline

61
Q

Medial rotation

A

A rotating movement towards the midline

62
Q

Elevation

A

Movement in a superior direction

63
Q

Depression

A

Movement in an inferior direction

64
Q

Supination

A

Moving from a prone to supine position (primarily turning one’s hand from dorsum up to palm up)

65
Q

Pronation

A

Moving from a supine position to a prone position (primarily moving one’s hand from palm up to dorsum up)

66
Q

Dorsiflexion

A

Flexion at the ankle so that the foot points more superiorly

67
Q

Plantarflexion

A

Extension at the ankle so that the foot points inferiorly

68
Q

Inversion

A

Movement which occurs at the ankle joint by moving the soul towards the medial plane

69
Q

Everion

A

Movement which occurs at the ankle joint by moving the soul away from the median plane

70
Q

Opposition

A

Brings the thumb and little finger together

71
Q

Reposition

A

Meant that moves the thumb and little finger away from each other

72
Q

Circumduction

A

Conical movement of a limb extending from the joint at which the movement is controlled (a cone is formed as the extended limb moves in a circle)

73
Q

Protraction

A

The anteriolateral movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall that allows the shoulder to move anteriorly (i.e. reaching out to something)

74
Q

Retraction

A

The posteriomedial movement of the scapula on the thoracic wall which causes the shoulder region to move posteriorly (i.e. good posture)

75
Q

Protrusion

A

The movement of a structure in an anterior direction (e.g. mandibular)

76
Q

Retrusion

A

The movement of a structure in a posterior direction (e.g. mandibular)

77
Q

Excursion

A

When the mandible moves to either the left or right. Lateral excursion is away from midline, medial excursion is towards midline