Anatomy (head and neck) Flashcards
What is the outer meningeal layer?
Dura mater
What is the middle meningeal layer?
Arachnoid mater
What is the inner meningeal layer?
Pia mater
The dura mater has two layers. The outer layer is attached to the skull and is called the …..
endosteal/ periosteal layer
The dura mater has two layers. The inner layer surrounds the brain and is called the …..
meningeal layer
Folds in the dura mater form
dural reflections
The dural reflection in the longitudinal fissure is the
Falx cerebri
The dural reflection continuous with the falx cerebri and separating the occipital lobe from the cerebellum is the
Tentorium cerebelli
The dural reflection below the tentorium cerebelli and which joins to the occipital crest is the
Falx cerebelli
The dural reflection called the diaphragm sellae covers which gland in the hypophysial fossa?
Pituitary gland
Which artery is the main blood supply to the dura mater?
Middle meningeal artery
The middle meningeal artery enters the skull through which skull foramen?
Foramen spinosum
The anterior branch of the middle meningeal artery runs beneath which significant bone structure?
Pteryion
The pteryion is a weak point of the skull where which 4 bones join?
Frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid
The middle meningeal artery arises from which significant artery?
External carotid artery
The dura mater has a small blood supply from which 3 arteries?
ophthalmic, vertebral, occipital
Venous drainage of the dura mater is from which main veins?
Middle meningeal veins
The middle meningeal veins drain into which plexus?
Pterygoid venous plexus
Stimulation of stretch receptors of dura mater lead to what sensation?
Headache
The space between the dura and arachnoid mater is called what?
Subdural space
The arachnoid and pia mater are collectively called what?
Leptomeninx
The space between the arachnoid and pia mater is called what?
Subarachnoid space
The subarachnoid space contains what fluid?
cerebrospinal fluid
The connective tissue from the arachnoid mater forms what?
Trabeculae
The spinal dura mater is innervated by which nerves?
Recurrent meningeal nerves
The space between the vertebral canal and the dura mater is called what?
Epidural space
Inferior to the conus medullaris, the pia mater continues as what?
Filum terminale
Spinal cord terminates at what vertebral level?
L1
The spinal dura, arachnoid and subarachnoid space continue to which vertebral level?
S2
The cauda equina is present below which vertebral level?
S2
A lumbar puncture should be performed safely below which vertebral level?
L3
Which of the ventricles of the brain are the largest?
Lateral ventricles
Which structures connect the lateral and third ventricles?
interventricular foramen (foramen of Monro)
Which structure connects the third and fourth ventricles?
Cerebral aqueduct (aqueduct of Sylvius)
The median aperture (foramen of Magendie) connects the fourth ventricle to what?
Cistern magna of subarachnoid space
The lateral aperture (foramen of Lushka) connects the lateral ventricles to what?
Cerebellopontine angle of subarachnoid space
CSF is produced in the ventricles by which cells?
Choroidal epithelial cells
CSF is returned to the venous system by what that project into dural venous sinuses?
Arachnoid villi
Movement of CSF into dural venous sinuses is promoted by which structures?
Arachnoid granulations
What are found at the sites of attachment of dural reflections?
Dural venous sinuses
Dural venous sinuses eventually drain into which vein?
Internal jugular vein
The cavernous sinus contains which artery?
Internal carotid artery
The cavernous sinus contains which 5 nerves?
CN III (occulomotor), CN IV (trochlear), CN V(1) (ophthalmic), CN V(2) (maxillary), CN VI (abducens)
The internal carotid artery enters the skull through which foramen of the skull?
Carotid canal
The vertebral artery enters the skull through which foramen of the skull?
Foramen magnum
The vertebral artery travels from the subclavian artery to the skull through which structures?
Transverse foramen of cervical vertebrae
