anatomy- hand and movement of digits Flashcards
carpal bones
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
hamate
capitate
trapezoid
trapezium
joints in hand
radiocarpal (wrist) joint
midcarpal joint
carpometacarpojoint
metacarpophalangeal joint
interphalanageal joint
proximal
distal
finger bones
5 metacarpals
5 proximal phalanges
4 intermediate phalanges
5 distal phalanges
types of grips
power grip- wrist extended, MP and IP joints flexed
hook grip- IP joints flexed
precisions handling grip- complex movement
intrinsic muscles of hand
thenar
hypothenar
adductor pollicis
lumbricals
interossei
Thenar/hypothenar
opponens
abductor
flexor
thumb = pollicis
little finger = digiti minimi
axilla
axilla is a passageway for neurovasculature to the upper limb
pyramidal in shape from level of clavicle to the skin of armpit
Contains axillary artery and vein, axillary lymph vessels and nodes, axillary fat and brachial plexus contained within axillary sheath
cubital fossa
triangular shape on anterior elbow
boundaries:
base = imaginary line between epicondyles
medial = pronator teres
lateral = brachioradialis
floor = brachialis and supinator
contains:
radial nerve
termination of brachial artery and accompanying veins
median nerve
tendon of biceps brachii
superficial to the cubital fossa are superficial veins where venipunctures are placed
carpal tunnel
narrow space between carpal bones (inferior) and flexor retinaculum (superior)
retinacula keep tendons in place as they cross joints
contains 10 structures:
4 flexor digitorum superficialis tendons
4 flexor digitorum profundus tendons
tendon of flexor pollicis longus
median nerve
ulnar artery and nerve do not pass through the carpal tunnel
blood supply- blood vessels
axillary
brachial
ant./post. circumflex humeral
profunda brachial
radial
ulnar
superficial arch
deep arch
digital branches
pulse points
axillary- pubes in axilla
brachial- bicipital groove
ulnar- wrist (medial)
radial- wrist (lateral)
venous drainage
cephalic
basilic
median cubital*
median antebrachial
dorsal venous plexus*
axillary
venae comitantes
musculocutaneous nerve
pierces coracobrachialis
courses laterally, deep to biceps
continues as the lateral cutaneous nerve of the forearm
axillary nerve
short nerve, staying in the axilla
travels posteriorly from posterior cord into the quadrangular space to innervate two muscles
deltoid
teres minor
sensory to lateral arm (badge patch)
radial nerve
travels posteriorly from posterior cord into the triangular interval to enter posterior compartment
courses in spiral (radial groove) on humerus
courses anterior to capitulum and divides into superficial and deep branches
deep head (motor) courses between two heads of supinator to enter posterior compartment of the forearm
superficial branch (sensory) courses posteriorly on forearm through anatomical snuffbox on hand innervating skin
median nerve
courses through anterior arm, posterior to biceps brachii, giving off no branches
enters cubital fossa along the medial border before coursing between the two heads of pronator teres
courses between FDS and FDP in anterior forearm
enters carpal tunnel then branches to give motor supply to thenar muscles and two lateral lumbricals, and sensory innervation to the lateral 3 ½ digits
ulnar nerve
courses through anterior compartment of the arm but pieces brachial fascia medially at midshaft level
courses superficially and posteriorly around medial epicondyle
enters anterior compartment of the forearm and courses medially, entering ulnar (Guyon’s) canal at the anterior wrist
enters hand and branches to give motor supply to muscles of the hand (except those by median nerve), and sensory innervation to the medial 1 ½ digits
