Anatomy Final Flashcards
What are the functions of the cardiovascular system?
Responsible for transporting blood throughout the body. Blood transports oxygen, nutrients, wastes, hormones, etc.
System of blood vessels and a heart. Heart is responsible for moving the blood
Network of blood vessels approx. 100,000 km long
What does the right side of the heart do?
Receives oxygen-poor blood from tissues
Pumps blood to lungs to get rid of CO2, pick up O2, via pulmonary circuit.
What does the left side of the heart do?
Left side receives oxygenated blood from lungs.
Pumps blood to body tissues via systemic circuit.
What are the receiving chambers of the heart?
Right atrium: Receives blood returning from systemic circuit
Left atrium: Receives blood returning from pulmonary circuit
What are the pumping chambers of the heart?
Right ventricle: pumps blood through pulmonary circuit
Left ventricle: pumps blood through systemic circuit
What separates the right ventrical from the left ventricle interiorly?
The interventricular septum
What is the heart’s position in the thoracic cavity?
left of midline, deep to sternum, mediastinum
What forms the base of the heart?
Left atrium, superior border (great vessels and superior vena cava)
What forms the apex of the heart?
Tip of left ventrical and the inferior border = right ventrical
What is the purpose of the pericardium?
Encloses the heart. Restricts movement (allows slight amount).
What are the two parts of the pericardium?
The fibrous pericardium and the serous pericardium.
Describe the serous pericardium.
One part of the pericardium. Composed on the parietal and visceral epicardium layers: pericardial cavity in between.
Where are auricles found?
In the atria. They are muscular extensions of atria. They are small, wrinkled, protruding appendages called auricles (or′ĭ-klz; auricle = little ear), which increase the atrial volume somewhat
Where is posterior sulcus located?
between the right and left ventricles
What are the functions of heart valves?
- Ensure unidirectional blood flow through heart.
- Open and close in response to pressure changes.
Why are there no valves between major veins and atria?
- Inertia of incoming blood prevents backflow.
- Heart contractions compress venous openings.
What are the two major types of heart valves?
Atrioventricular valves and semilunar valves.
Where are atrioventricular valves located?
Between atria and ventricles.
Where are semilunar valves located?
between ventricles and major arteries.
Name 2 atrioventricular valves and outline where they are located.
The tricuspid valve is the right atrioventricular valve and is between the right atria and ventricle. The mitral valve is the left AV valve, and is bicuspid. It is located between the left atria and ventricle.
What is the purpose of the atrioventricular valve? Explain how the AV valves open.
Prevent backflow into atria. When blood returning to the heart fills the atria, it presses against the AV valves. This increased pressure forces AV valves open. As the ventricles fill, the AV flaps hang limply into the ventricles. The atria contract, forcing additional blood into ventricles.
Name two structures associated with the AV valves.
Chordae tendineae (heart strings) and papillary muscles.
Describe the general systemic and pulmonary circulation.
The right side of the heart receives oxygen-poor blood from body tissues and then pumps this blood to the lungs to pick up oxygen and dispel carbon dioxide. The blood vessels that carry blood to and from the lungs form the pulmonary circuit (pulmo = lung).
The left side of the heart receives the oxygenated blood returning from the lungs and pumps this blood throughout the body to supply oxygen and nutrients to body tissues. The blood vessels that carry blood to and from all body tissues form the systemic circuit.
What is the heart wall comprised of (from superficial to deep)?
Epicardium, myocardium, and endocardium