Anatomy - face

Question 1

naison

Answer 1

junction of frontal and nasal bones

Question 2

cutaneous nerves of the face (7)

Answer 2

From Trigeminal Nerve:

1. Opthalmic nerve (V1)
2. Maxillary nerve (V2)
3. Mandibular nerve (V3

Nerves from posterior rami of spinal nerves:

1. Greater occipital nerves
2. Third occipital nerve

Nerves from anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (C2-C3)

1. Greater auricular nerve
2. lesser occipital nerve

Question 3

Cutaneous nerves of the face - V1 (opthalmic nerve)

Answer 3

1. Supraorbital nerve
2. Supratrochlear nerve
3. Infratrochlear nerve
4. Lacrimal

Question 4

Cutaneous nerves of the face - V2 (maxillary)

Answer 4

1. Zygomaticotemporal
2. Zygomaticofacial
3. Infraorbital

Question 5

Cutaneous nerves of the face - V3 (mandibullar)

Answer 5

1. Auriculotemporal
2. Long buccal
3. Mental

Question 6

Occipitofrontalis muscle - action

Answer 6

• the occipitofrontalis muscle produces a transverse wrinkle across the forehead
• also elevates the eyebrows
  *

Question 7

occipitofrontalis muscle - blood supply Arteries

Answer 7

Arteries:

• posterior, auricular, superficial temporal arteries (branches of external carotid)
• supraorbital and supratrochlear (Branches of the internal carotid)

Question 8

venous drainage of the scalp

Answer 8

• supraorbital and supratrochlear veins

deep part of the temporal region is drained through the deep temporal veins (open into pterygoid plexus)

Question 9

Muscles of facial expression

Answer 9

1. orbicularis oris (opens/closes mouth)
2. zygomaticus major (elevates mouth/helps smile/laughing muscle)
3. zygomaticus minor (elevates mouth and eversion of lip)
4. orbicularis oculi (protect eye from injury and help in facial expression)
5. frontalis muscle (elevate eyebrows and wrinkle forehead)
6. depressor anguli oris (dilator of mouth/expreses sadness)

Question 10

buccinator muscle (Action)

Answer 10

• whistling muscle
• helps food roll between teeth and cheeks (But not a muscle of mastication)

Question 11

branches of the facial nerve (two zebras bit my cookie)

Answer 11

1. Temporal
2. Zygomatic
3. Buccal
4. Mandibular
5. Cervical (supplies platysma)

Question 12

where does the facial nerve emerge from?

Answer 12

emerges from the brain stem, between the pons and medulla

Question 13

which mucles does the facial nerve control?

Answer 13

• muscles of facial expression
• taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue

Question 14

which foramen does the facial nerve come out of? what two branches does it immediately give off?

Answer 14

• It comes out of the stylomastoid foramen
• it gives off:

1. posterior auricular nerve (going to posterior auricular muscles)
2. nerve to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid

Question 15

where might inflammation of the facial nerve occur?

Answer 15

at the sylomastoid foramen

Question 16

what kind of palsy results from damage to the facial nerve?

Answer 16

bell’s palsy

Question 17

the facial artery is a branch of which major artery?

Answer 17

branch of the external carotid

Question 18

what are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?

Answer 18

1) superficial temporal
2) maxillary

Question 19

the transverse facial artery is a branch of which larger artery?

which muscles does it supply?

Answer 19

• branch of the superfical temporal artery
• transverse facial artery runs in the substance of the parotid gland (transverse course)
• supplies the parotid gland and duct, masseter, and skin of face
• anastomoses w/ facial artery branches

Question 20

what is the terminal branch of the facial artery?

Answer 20

• angular artery

Question 21

the facial artery is the main blood supply of the face. what are the other three sources of blood in the face?

Answer 21

1. facial artery (branch of ext carotid)
2. infraorbital artery (Branch of maxillary artery from ext carotid)
3. superficial temporal (branch of external carotid)
4. supratrochlear artery (Branch of internal carotid)
5. supraorbital artery (Branch of internal carotid)

Question 22

which veins form the external jugular vein?

Answer 22

• retromandibular vein:

1. superfical temporal vein
2. maxillary vein

• posterior division of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein join to form the external jugular vein (drains into subclavian vein)

Question 23

which veins join to form the internal jugular vein?

Answer 23

retromandibular vein: superfical temporal vein + maxillary vein

• anterior division of retromandibular vein
• supraorbital vein
• supratrochlear vein

these 3 form common facial vein which drains into internal jugular vein

the internal jugular vein joins the subclavian vein to form the right and left brachiocephalic veins

Question 24

how does the facial vein form connections with the cavernous sinus? why do we care?

Answer 24

• the facial vein forms connections w/ the cavernous sinus via the opthalmic vein and the pterygoid plexus
• infection can spread to the brain from facial vein
• thrombus can spread to cavernous sinus, causeing fatal cavernous sinus thrombosis

Question 25

mumps is a viral infection that causes inflammation of which facial gland?

Answer 25

it causes inflammation of the parotid gland

Question 26

which muscle does the parotid duct pierce?

Answer 26

it pierces the buccinator muscle

Question 27

what does the parotid gland do?

Answer 27

salivary gland

Question 28

what are the 3 structures embedded within the substance of the gland?

Answer 28

1. parotid plexus of the facial nerve
2. retromandibular vein
3. external carotid artery