Anatomy - face Flashcards
naison
junction of frontal and nasal bones
cutaneous nerves of the face (7)
From Trigeminal Nerve:
- Opthalmic nerve (V1)
- Maxillary nerve (V2)
- Mandibular nerve (V3
Nerves from posterior rami of spinal nerves:
- Greater occipital nerves
- Third occipital nerve
Nerves from anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves (C2-C3)
- Greater auricular nerve
- lesser occipital nerve
Cutaneous nerves of the face - V1 (opthalmic nerve)
- Supraorbital nerve
- Supratrochlear nerve
- Infratrochlear nerve
- Lacrimal
Cutaneous nerves of the face - V2 (maxillary)
- Zygomaticotemporal
- Zygomaticofacial
- Infraorbital
Cutaneous nerves of the face - V3 (mandibullar)
- Auriculotemporal
- Long buccal
- Mental
Occipitofrontalis muscle - action
- the occipitofrontalis muscle produces a transverse wrinkle across the forehead
- also elevates the eyebrows
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occipitofrontalis muscle - blood supply Arteries
Arteries:
- posterior, auricular, superficial temporal arteries (branches of external carotid)
- supraorbital and supratrochlear (Branches of the internal carotid)
venous drainage of the scalp
- supraorbital and supratrochlear veins
deep part of the temporal region is drained through the deep temporal veins (open into pterygoid plexus)
Muscles of facial expression
- orbicularis oris (opens/closes mouth)
- zygomaticus major (elevates mouth/helps smile/laughing muscle)
- zygomaticus minor (elevates mouth and eversion of lip)
- orbicularis oculi (protect eye from injury and help in facial expression)
- frontalis muscle (elevate eyebrows and wrinkle forehead)
- depressor anguli oris (dilator of mouth/expreses sadness)
buccinator muscle (Action)
- whistling muscle
- helps food roll between teeth and cheeks (But not a muscle of mastication)
branches of the facial nerve (two zebras bit my cookie)
- Temporal
- Zygomatic
- Buccal
- Mandibular
- Cervical (supplies platysma)
where does the facial nerve emerge from?
emerges from the brain stem, between the pons and medulla
which mucles does the facial nerve control?
- muscles of facial expression
- taste from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue
which foramen does the facial nerve come out of? what two branches does it immediately give off?
- It comes out of the stylomastoid foramen
- it gives off:
- posterior auricular nerve (going to posterior auricular muscles)
- nerve to posterior belly of digastric and stylohyoid
where might inflammation of the facial nerve occur?
at the sylomastoid foramen
what kind of palsy results from damage to the facial nerve?
bell’s palsy
the facial artery is a branch of which major artery?
branch of the external carotid
what are the two terminal branches of the external carotid artery?
1) superficial temporal
2) maxillary
the transverse facial artery is a branch of which larger artery?
which muscles does it supply?
- branch of the superfical temporal artery
- transverse facial artery runs in the substance of the parotid gland (transverse course)
- supplies the parotid gland and duct, masseter, and skin of face
- anastomoses w/ facial artery branches
what is the terminal branch of the facial artery?
- angular artery
the facial artery is the main blood supply of the face. what are the other three sources of blood in the face?
- facial artery (branch of ext carotid)
- infraorbital artery (Branch of maxillary artery from ext carotid)
- superficial temporal (branch of external carotid)
- supratrochlear artery (Branch of internal carotid)
- supraorbital artery (Branch of internal carotid)
which veins form the external jugular vein?
- retromandibular vein:
- superfical temporal vein
- maxillary vein
- posterior division of retromandibular vein and posterior auricular vein join to form the external jugular vein (drains into subclavian vein)
which veins join to form the internal jugular vein?
retromandibular vein: superfical temporal vein + maxillary vein
- anterior division of retromandibular vein
- supraorbital vein
- supratrochlear vein
these 3 form common facial vein which drains into internal jugular vein
the internal jugular vein joins the subclavian vein to form the right and left brachiocephalic veins
how does the facial vein form connections with the cavernous sinus? why do we care?
- the facial vein forms connections w/ the cavernous sinus via the opthalmic vein and the pterygoid plexus
- infection can spread to the brain from facial vein
- thrombus can spread to cavernous sinus, causeing fatal cavernous sinus thrombosis
mumps is a viral infection that causes inflammation of which facial gland?
it causes inflammation of the parotid gland
which muscle does the parotid duct pierce?
it pierces the buccinator muscle
what does the parotid gland do?
salivary gland
what are the 3 structures embedded within the substance of the gland?
- parotid plexus of the facial nerve
- retromandibular vein
- external carotid artery
