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Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide 1 > Anatomy Exam Study Guide 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam Study Guide 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of structure

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the way an organism or body part functions

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3
Q

Tissue

A

assembled group of similar cells that performs a specialized function

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4
Q

Organ

A

structure consisting of two or more tissues with a specialized function

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5
Q

Organ System

A

Group of organs coordinated to carry on a specialized function

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6
Q

Organism

A

An individual living thing

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7
Q

Homeostasis

A

dynamic state in which the body’s internal environment is maintained within the normal range

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8
Q

Stimulus

A

Produces change in the variable

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9
Q

Receptor

A

detects change, acts as a sensor

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10
Q

control center

A

body structure that determines the normal range of variable

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11
Q

Effector

A

a muscle or gland that effects change in the body

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12
Q

negative feedback

A

A mechanism that restores the level of a biomechanics or other condition in the internal environment

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13
Q

positive feedback

A

process by which changes cause additional similar changed, producing unstable conditions

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14
Q

Afferent pathway

A

directed towards the control center

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15
Q

Efferent Pathway

A

Directed away from the control center or central part of a structure

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16
Q

Axial

A

Pertaining to the head, neck, and trunk

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17
Q

Appendicular

A

Part of the skeleton making up the upper and lower limbs and the bones that join the limbs to the axial skeleton

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18
Q

Superior

A

Structure above another structure

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19
Q

Inferior

A

structure below another structure

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20
Q

Cranial

A

pertaining to the cranium, the part of the skull that does not include the face

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21
Q

caudal

A

directed toward or situated in or near the tail, away from the head

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22
Q

Dorsal

A

Pertaining to the back surface of a body part

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23
Q

Ventral

A

Pertaining to the front surface of a body part

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24
Q

Palmar

A

Pertaining to the front surface of a body part

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25
Q

Plantar

A

pertaining to the sole of the foot

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26
Q

Posterior

A

toward the back; opposite of anterior

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27
Q

Anterior

A

pertaining to the front

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28
Q

Lateral

A

pertaining to the side, away from the midline

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29
Q

Medial

A

toward or near the midline

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30
Q

superficial

A

Near the surface of the body or a specified body structure

31
Q

Deep

A

More internal, not near the surface

32
Q

Viscera

A

Organs in a body cavity

33
Q

Viscus

A

Pertaining to the organs in a body cavity

34
Q

Serosa

A

A serous membrane

35
Q

Parietal Serosa

A

lines cavity walls

36
Q

Visceral serosa

A

lines organs

37
Q

Serous fluid

A

Lubricating secretion from a serous cell

38
Q

Dorsal Cavity

A

Space in the body that contains the bra

39
Q

Ventral Cavity

A

in the front of the body—made up of the thoracic and abdominopelvic cavity

40
Q

Cranial cavity

A

Space in the cranium containing the brain

41
Q

Vertebral cavity

A

Space containing the spinal cord

42
Q

Thoracic Cavity

A

Space containing organs in the upper trunk

43
Q

Plueral Cavity

A

Potential space between pleural membranes

44
Q

Abdominal cavity

A

Space between the diaphragm and the pelvic inlet that contains the abdominal viscera

45
Q

Pelvic Cavity

A

Hollow place within the ring formed by the sacrum and hip bones

46
Q

Pleura

A

the serosa membrane surrounding the lungs

47
Q

Peritoneum

A

Serosa membrane in the abdominal and pelvic cavity

48
Q

Pericardium

A

Serosa membrane in the pericardial cavity

49
Q

Meninges

A

Serosa membrane in the cranial/vertebral cavity

50
Q

pneumothorax

A

When air gets stuck in the pleural space

51
Q

Pleurisy

A

when the pleura becomes inflamed

52
Q

Blumberg Sign

A

Deep palpation of the viscera over the suspected inflamed appendix followed by sudden release of the pressure causes the severe pain on the site

53
Q

Peritonitis

A

inflammation of the peritoneum

54
Q

Saggital

A

A lengthwise cut that divides the body into right and left portions

55
Q

Medial

A

Toward or near the midline

56
Q

Mid-sagittal

A

A lengthwise cut that splits the body evenly into left and right sides

57
Q

Para-sagittal

A

Any lengthwise cut that divides the body, not down the middle

58
Q

Median section

A

The cross-section that runs through the median plane

59
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

60
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior portions

61
Q

Frontal Section

A

Any vertical plane that divides the body into ventral and dorsal sections

62
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Horizontal plane, cuts the body into superior and inferior portions

63
Q

Cross-section

A

A transverse cut through a structure or tissue

64
Q

Oblique section

A

divides the body diagonally

65
Q

Describe the difference between anatomy and physiology.

A

Anatomy examines the structures, form, and organization of body parts; physiology looks at the functions of body parts, what they do and how they do it

66
Q

Define the principle of complementarity and function.

A

What a structure can do depends on its specific form

67
Q

Describe the organization of the human body, from simple to most complex.

A

atoms, molecules, organelles, cells, tissues, organs, organ systems, and the human organism

68
Q

Describe the role off afferent and efferent pathways to homeostasis – including a description of the ‘players’ (ie, stimulus, receptor, control center, and effector). Describe an example of a homeostatic event.

A

Afferent pathways go towards the control center, which determines the normal range of a variable. The system starts with a stimulus which produces a change in variable and moves to the receptor that then detects a change and then goes to the control center. The Efferent pathway starts after the control center (exit). After the control center comes the effector which responds and reduces the effect of stimulus and returns variable to homeostatic level—body temp

69
Q

Differentiate between negative feedback systems and positive feedback systems, and how they affect homeostasis. Give an example of each.

A

Negative feedback system maintains homeostasis and keeps the scale balanced, body temp regulation
Positive feedback systems prevent homeostasis and tip the scale, contractions during birth

70
Q

Describe the standard anatomical position.

A

Standing upright, facing forward with arms hanging at both sides with palms facing forward

71
Q

Differentiate between the axial skeleton and the appendicular skeleton.

A

Axial: the part of the skeleton that supports and protects the organs of the head, neck, and trunk
Appendicular: the part of the skeleton making up the upper and lower limbs and the bones that join the limbs to the axial skeleton

72
Q

Describe the following common diseases of serosa

A

pleurisy, pneumothorax, and peritonitis.

73
Q

Be able to label these structures

A

All cavities

Anatomy and Physiology Study Guide 1 (1 decks)

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