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anatomy exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the functions of the muscular system?

A
  1. create movement by working with bones ligaments and tendons
  2. move food through digestive system
  3. move blood through body
  4. provide protection
  5. produce heat
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2
Q

skeletal muscle

A

voluntary, striated, multi-nucleated, attached to skeletal system

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3
Q

smooth muscle

A

involuntary, non-striated, spindle shape, located in blood vessels and walls of digestive track

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4
Q

cardiac muscle

A

Involuntary, striated, branching cells, single nucleus, walls of heart, intercalated disks

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5
Q

types of movement at synovial joints

A

hyperextension, extension, flexion. dorsiflexion, plantar flexion, adduction, abduction

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6
Q

Origin

A

stationary bone

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7
Q

insertion

A

movable bone

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8
Q

ligament

A

connects bone to bone

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9
Q

tendon

A

connect muscle to bone

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10
Q

frontalis muscle

A

elevates the eyebrow

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11
Q

orbicularis oculi muscle

A

closes the eyelids and pumps tears from the eyes

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12
Q

zygomaticus major and minor

A

controls facial expressions

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13
Q

masseter muscle

A

mastication (chewing)

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14
Q

orbicularis oris muscle

A

orofacial functions (swallowing, chewing, kissing, pronouncing vowels)

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15
Q

Buccinator muscle

A

holds cheeks to teeth (chewing)

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16
Q

sternocleidomastoid

A

tilting head and turning neck

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17
Q

temporalis muscle

A

close the jaw (crushing and grinding objects between molars

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18
Q

trapezius muscle

A

pull up shoulders, shrugging

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19
Q

Epicranial aponeurosis

A

tough layer of dense fibrous connective tissue covering the skull

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20
Q

depressor anguli oris

A

depress corner of mouth

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21
Q

platysma

A

myriad of facial expression (sadness, surprise, horror)

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22
Q

Risorius muscle

A

draws up the angle of the mouth

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23
Q

mentalis muscle

A

stability to lower lip, allow it to pout

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24
Q

corrugator supercilli muscle

A

movement of the eyebrows, including frowning

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25
Q

levator labii superious

A

facial expressions, movement of the mouth and upper lip

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26
Q

depressor labii inferioris

A

depressed and everts lower lip

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27
Q

trapezuis muscle

A

stabilize and move the scapula

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28
Q

levator scapulae

A

elevate the scapula

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29
Q

rhomboid major and minor

A

retract, elevate and rotate scapula

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30
Q

latissimus dorsi

A

adduct and rotate the arm at the shoulder joint (pullups)

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31
Q

Deltoid muscle

A

abduction of the arm

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32
Q

acromion process of scapula

A

point of attachment for the deltoid

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33
Q

infraspinatus muscle

A

rotate the shoulder joint and humerus

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34
Q

serratus anterior muscle

A

pull the scapula forward and around the thorax

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35
Q

teres major and minor

A

adducts the arm at the shoulder joint

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36
Q

splenius capitis

A

flex and rotate the head and neck

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37
Q

spenius cervicis

A

extends neck

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38
Q

semispinalis capitis

A

neck extension and pull backward

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39
Q

longissimus capitis

A

rotate the head from side to side, extend head

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40
Q

serratus posterior superior

A

elevates the ribs during respiration

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41
Q

serratus posterior inferior

A

depress the ribs during respiration

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42
Q

external abdominal oblique

A

rotate truck

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43
Q

internal abdominal oblique

A

flex the truck, defecation, urination, and childbirth

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44
Q

erector spinae group

A

iliocostalis, longissimus, and spinalis

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45
Q

illiocostalis lumborum

A

runs from the lower ribs to the ileum; depresses ribs

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46
Q

ligamentum nuchae

A

tendons and fascia between the posterior muscle of the neck. Covers the spine C1-C6. sustains head weight

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47
Q

mastoid process of temporal bone

A

allow the attachment of muscles to the head and neck such as the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the splenuis capitis muscle

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48
Q

coracoid process

A

a short projection from the clavicle to which the biceps brachii attaches

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49
Q

Biceps brachii

A

flexion and supination (outward rotation) of the forearm

50
Q

coracobrachialis muscle

A

flexion and adduction of the forearm at the shoulder joint

51
Q

radial tuberosity

A

insertion of the biceps brachii

52
Q

subscapularis

A

internal rotation of the humerus; adduction and extension of the shoulder

53
Q

brachialis muscle

A

flexes the elbow

54
Q

triceps brachii

A

extension of elbow joint

55
Q

brachioradialis

A

flexes the forearm at the elbow

56
Q

extensor carpi radialis longus

A

help move wrist and hand

57
Q

extensor digitorum

A

extends medial four digits

58
Q

flexor carpi ulnaris

A

flex and adduct wrist

59
Q

palmarus longus

A

flexion of the wrist joint and small joints of the hand

60
Q

Flexor pollicis

A

flexes the distal phalanx of the thumb

61
Q

abductor pollicis brevis

A

flex the caropmetacarpal joint of the thumb

62
Q

oppenens pollicis

A

produce an opposition fo the thumb; combination flexion, adduction and rotation of the thumb

63
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

abduction and flexion of the 5th finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint, moving it away from the 4th finger

64
Q

Flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

flexion of the little finger at the metacarpophalangeal joint

65
Q

lumbricalis muscles

A

flexion at the metacarpophalangeal joint

66
Q

adductor pollicis

A

adduct the thumb

67
Q

pectoralis major

A

addition and rotation of the arm

68
Q

pectoralis minor

A

internal and downward rotation of the scapula

69
Q

subclavius muscle

A

stabilize the clavicle during movement of the arm and shoulder

70
Q

subscapularis muscle

A

rotates and adducts the humerus

71
Q

coracobrachialis muscle

A

flexion and adduction of the forearm at the shoulder joint

72
Q

serratus anterior muscle

A

pull the scapula forward and around the thorax

73
Q

external intercostals

A

elevate ribs and expand lungs when breathing

74
Q

internal intercostals

A

pull down on ribs and push air out of lungs

75
Q

rectus abdominis

A

flexion of the truck

76
Q

transverse abdominis

A

protects internal organs and stabilize the pelvis and spine

77
Q

illiacus

A

flex and rotate femor

78
Q

psoas major

A

flexion of the hip joint

79
Q

which four muscles form the quad?

A

rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

80
Q

quadricep group

A

extend the leg at the knee joint and flex the thigh at the hip joint

81
Q

pectineus muscle

A

flex and adduct the thigh at the hip joint

82
Q

adductor longus

A

adduct thigh at hip joint

83
Q

sartorius muscle

A

flex the knee and hip

84
Q

tensor fasciae latae

A

extension and lateral rotation of the leg

85
Q

quadriceps femoris tendon

A

attaches the quad to the patella bone

86
Q

illiopsoas

A

flexion and external rotation of the thigh

87
Q

gracilis muscle

A

flex the knee, adducts the thigh, and rotate the tibia on the femur

88
Q

gluteus maximus

A

movement of the hip and thigh

89
Q

gluteus medius

A

abduction of the hip joint

90
Q

gluteus minimus

A

abduction of the hip joint

91
Q

piriformis muscle

A

rotates and abducts femur during flexion of hip

92
Q

superior gemellus

A

externally rotate hip

93
Q

inferior gemellus

A

lateral rotation of thigh

94
Q

quadratus femoris

A

extend the leg at the knee joint and flex the thigh at hip

95
Q

obturator internus

A

external rotator of the extended thigh

96
Q

sacrotuberous ligament

A

stabilize the pelvis

97
Q

what three muscles make up the hamstring group?

A

semitendinosus, semimembranosus, biceps femoris

98
Q

grastrocnemius muscle

A

plantar flexion of knee joint

99
Q

soleus muscle

A

plantar flexion of the leg at knee joint

100
Q

plantaris muscle

A

stabilize tibia on calcaneus bone

101
Q

calcaneal tendon

A

stabilize the ankle joint

102
Q

tibialis anterior

A

dorsiflex foot

103
Q

extensor digitorium longus

A

extend foot at ankle

104
Q

extensor hallucis longus

A

flexion joints in big toe

105
Q

fibularis brevis

A

everts foot

106
Q

fibularis tertius

A

moves toes toward shin (dorsiflexion)

107
Q

superior and inferior extensor retinaculum

A

bands of connective tissue that stabilize the tendons of the ankle

108
Q

popliteus muscle

A

stabilize the knee

109
Q

flexor digitorium longus

A

flexion of the foot and toes

110
Q

tibialis posterior muscle

A

plantar flex the foot

111
Q

flexor hallucis longus muscle

A

flex all joints of big toe

112
Q

fibularis longus muscle

A

plantar flexion and eversion

113
Q

fibularis brevis

A

evert foot

114
Q

Plantar aponeurosis

A

support and protect underlying structures of the foot

115
Q

abductor hallucis

A

abduct and flex big toe

116
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

abduct and flex little toe

117
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

flexion of lateral 4 toe joints

118
Q

lumbricals muscle

A

flex and adduct lateral 4 toes

119
Q

quadratus plantae

A

flexion of the lateral 4 toes

120
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

flexion of the big toe

121
Q

flexor digiti minimi brevis

A

flexion of the little toe

122
Q

adductor hallucis

A

adduction and flexion of the big toe

anatomy and phys (1 decks)

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