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Advanced Pharm > Anatomy Exam 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy Exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the correct anatomical position?

A

Thumbs out

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2
Q

What position must our arms be in to allow our radius and ulna to be independent structures?

A

Supine hands supinated thumbs out

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3
Q

What does the cephalic vein follow?

A

Thumbs and radius

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4
Q

What does your basilic vein follow?

A

Pinky and ulna

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5
Q

What’s one thing muscles do?

A

Contract

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6
Q

Primary function of our vertebrae?

A

Protect spinal cord

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7
Q

Now many cervical vertebrae?

A

7

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8
Q

How many thoracic vertebrae?

A

12

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9
Q

How many lumbar vertebrae?

A

5

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10
Q

How many sacral vertebrae?

A

5 fused

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11
Q

How many coccygeal vertebrae?

A

3-4 fused

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12
Q

What makes cervical vertebrae unique?

A

Foramen transversarium

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13
Q

What the purpose of the foremen transversarium?

A

Protect vertebral artery

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14
Q

What makes of thoracic vertebrae unique?

A

Rib attachments

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15
Q

All vertebrae contain the same structures, what do they contain?

A

Vertebral body,
pedicle,
Transverse process,
spinous process
Lamina

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16
Q

How is the nerve able to leave the spinal cord and get to the body?

A

Intervertebral foramen

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17
Q

What come together to form of vertebral foramen?

A

Superior and inferior vertebral notches

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18
Q

What allows our spinal cord to have movement?

A

Zygapopphysial joints

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19
Q

What is inside our intervertebral discs?

A

Nucleus pulposus and anulur fibrosis

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20
Q

How many demifacets does a rib come into contact with?

A

3; 2 of its own rib and 1 from the vertebrae above it at inferior demifacet

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21
Q

Name the ligament that provides rigidity and support to our head

A

Ligamentum nuchae

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22
Q

Where does the levator scapulae attach?

A

c1-c4

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23
Q

What is the separation point of our rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?

A

Where the spine of the scapula medially joins the border of the scapula

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24
Q

What muscle is deep to the rhomboids?

A

Posterior serratus superior

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25
Q

Name the 3 muscles that are responsible for head movement and provide tremendous support because they run in different directions

A

Trapezius
Splenius capitus
Semisplenalis capitus

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26
Q

Muscle directly superior to spine of scapula

A

Supraspinatus

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27
Q

Muscle directly inferior to spine of scapula

A

Infraspinatus

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28
Q

An area where we have multiple layers of fascia bound together that’s extremely strong?

A

Aponeurosis

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29
Q

What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

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30
Q

What muscle or muscles form the posterior cuff of the rotator cuff?

A

Infraspinatus
Teres minor

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31
Q

What muscles or muscle make up the anterior cuff of the rotator cuff?

A

Subscapularis

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32
Q

What muscle or muscles make up the superior cuff of the rotator cuff?

A

Supraspinatus

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33
Q

What area do most rotator cuff injuries occur and why?

A

Supraspinatus; forms 80% of cuff

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34
Q

What’s the main function of our axillary nerve?

A

Supply the deltoid

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35
Q

What artery and nerve pass through the quadrangular space?

A

Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery

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36
Q

What artery passes through the triangular space?

A

Circumflex scapular artery

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37
Q

What artery and nerve pass through the triangular interval?

A

Profunda brachii artery
Radial nerve

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38
Q

Name the heads of the triceps brachii

A

Long head
Lateral head
Medial head

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39
Q

What’s the relationship between our teres minor, teres major, and long head of tricep brachii?

A

Posterior view:
Long head of triceps lies superficial to teres major and deep to the teres minor

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40
Q

What artery and nerve lie immediately superficial to the medial head of our triceps brachii?

A

Profunda brachii artery and radial nerve

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41
Q

Name the borders of the quadrangular space?

A

Inferior margin of Subscapularis
Surgical neck of humerus
Superior margin of teres major
Lateral margin of long head tricep

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42
Q

Name the borders of the triangular space.

A

Medial margin of long head tricep
Inferior margin of Subscapularis
Superior margin of teres major

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43
Q

Name the borders of the triangular interval

A

Inferior margin of teres major
Shaft of humerus
Lateral margin of long head tricep

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44
Q

Name the heads of the biceps brachii

A

Short head and long head

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45
Q

Where does the long head of the biceps brachii attach?

A

Shoulder at glenoid fossa

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46
Q

How does the coracobrachialis attach to the humerus

A

Mid humerus on medial aspect

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47
Q

What are three muscles that attach to the coracoid process

A

Short head of bicep brachii
Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis minor

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48
Q

How does the brachialis muscle attach to the humerus

A

Mid humerus on lateral aspect

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49
Q

What muscle lies immediately deep to the short head of our bicep brachii

A

Coracobrachialis

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50
Q

What nerve punctures through our coracobrachialis and what makes it unique

A

Musculocutaneous nerve; helps find brachial plexus

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51
Q

What muscle lies immediately deep to the brachioradialis

A

Supinator

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52
Q

What muscle allows for supination?

A

Supinator

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53
Q

What muscles allow pronation?

A

Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus

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54
Q

Muscle that forms a web on palm of hands

A

Palmaris longus

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55
Q

What nerve lies immediately deep to the palmaris longus

A

Median nerve

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56
Q

What muscle allows flexion of our thumb

A

Flexor pollicis longus

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57
Q

What muscle lies deep to our flexor digitorum superficialis

A

Flexor digitorum profunda

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58
Q

Flow of arteries

A

Draw flow of arteries

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59
Q

Draw flow of views

A

Draw flow of veins

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60
Q

What important arteries come off the subclavian artery

A

Vertebral artery and thyrocervical trunk

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61
Q

Name branches off of the thyrocervical trunk

A

Suprascapular
Transverse cervical
Inferior thyroid
Ascending cervical

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62
Q

Name the branches that come off the axillary artery

A

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery

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63
Q

What is the origin of our cephalic vein

A

Axillary vein

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64
Q

Name the 2 major veins that do not run with an artery

A

Cephalic and great saphenous vein

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65
Q

What vein connects our basilic and cephalic vein

A

Median cubital vein

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66
Q

Draw our brachial plexus

A

Draw out brachial plexus

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67
Q

When does the posterior cord of our brachial plexus become our radial nerve?

A

After we give off axillary nerve branch

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68
Q

What area does our brachial plexus innervate?

A

Shoulder to fingers

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69
Q

What 3 nerves from our brachial plexus continue all the way down to our fingers?

A

Median
Radial
Ulnar

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70
Q

What are the 4 major terminal branches of our brachial plexus

A

Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar

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71
Q

What area does our Musculocutaneous nerve innervate

A

Muscles and cutaneous area of arm until mid forearm the stops

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72
Q

What vein lies on the surface of our sternocleidomastoid muscle?

A

External jugular vein

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73
Q

What structures does our axillary artery lie between?

A

1st rob and teres major

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74
Q

What does our axillary vein give rise to after it passes the teres major?

A

Basilic vein

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75
Q

What is our pelvis made up of?

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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76
Q

what is the most palpable point of our pelvis

A

ASIS

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77
Q

Where do our obturator nerves travel through and what do they supply

A

Obturator foramen
Supplies our adductors

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78
Q

What does our IT band allow us to do?

A

Stand for long periods of time without exerting any muscles

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79
Q

What muscles attaches to the anterior superior aspect of iliotibial tract

A

Tensor fasciae latae

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80
Q

What’s the longest muscle in the body?

A

Sartorius

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81
Q

What’s the least painful site to give IM injections?

A

Gluteus medius

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82
Q

What muscle lies immediately deep to the IT band

A

Vastus lateralis

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83
Q

What muscle lies medial to the vastus lateralis

A

Rectus femoris

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84
Q

What muscle lies on the lateral aspect of the posterior superior portion of the lower extremity

A

Bicep femoris; long head and short head

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85
Q

What muscle helps with finding our sciatic nerve

A

Piriformis

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86
Q

What muscle fills the gap left by our soleus muscle?

A

Popliteus

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87
Q

What is the longest tendon in our body

A

Plantaris tendon

88
Q

Superior gluteal nerve

A

What nerve innervates the gluteus medius

89
Q

Where does our superior gluteal nerve lie?

A

Deep to the gluteus medius and superficial to the gluteus minimus

It’s the defining separation point for our gluteus medius and minimus

90
Q

What does our sciatic nerve split into

A

Tibial and common fibular nerve

91
Q

What are the three structures in our popliteal fossa

A

Tibial nerve
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein

92
Q

What area does the tibial nerve innervate?

A

Posterior extremity and plantar surface of foot

93
Q

What does the common fibular nerve innervate

A

Anterior of extremity

94
Q

What muscle does the common fibular nerve follow as it comes to anterior portion of lower extremity

A

Biceps femoris

95
Q

What 2 muscles form border of iliopsoas muscle

A

Iliacus and psoas major muscles

96
Q

What muscle is immediately deep to the rectus femoris

A

Vastus intermedius

97
Q

What muscle lies medial to the pectineus

A

Adductor longus

98
Q

What muscle lies deep to our adductor longus

A

Adductor brevis

99
Q

What 3 muscles attach at our Pes anserinus

A

Satorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosis

100
Q

What makes our saphenous nerve unique?

A

Carries sensory innervations only

101
Q

What gives rise to our fibular artery and vein

A

Posterior tibial artery and vein

102
Q

What is the point at which our femoral artery and vein become our popliteal artery and vein

A

Adductor hiatus

103
Q

What structures lie in our adductor canal

A

Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve

104
Q

What is the origin of the roots of our sciatic nerve

A

L4 L5 S1 S2 S3

105
Q

What is the origin of the roots of our tibial nerve

A

L4, L5 S1, S2, S3

106
Q

What is the origin of the roots of our common fibular nerve?

A

L4 L5 S1 S2

107
Q

What is the origin of our lateral sural nerve

A

Common fibular nerve

108
Q

What muscle lies deep to the long head of our biceps femoris

A

Short head of biceps femoris

109
Q

What nerves does the common fibular nerve give rise to?

A

Lateral sural
Superficial fibular
Deep fibular

110
Q

What muscle lies in the popliteal fossa

A

Plantaris

111
Q

What muscle lies medially deep to the gastrocnemius

A

Soleus

112
Q

What 3 muscles lie deep to the soleus (are fibrously and membranously bound to the posterior aspect of tibia)

A

Flexor hallucis longus
Posterior tibialis
Flexor digitorum longus

113
Q

Where does your sural nerve branch off from

A

Tibial nerve NOT common fibular

114
Q

What nerve lies superficial to the gastrocnemius

A

Sural nerve

115
Q

Name branches of the popliteal artery

A

Anterior and posterior tibial

116
Q

What does our anterior cruciate ligament do

A

Keeps tibia from moving forward when we walk

117
Q

How does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to the tibia

A

Runs superior lateral to inferiorly medial

118
Q

How much of our meniscus gets blood supply

A

2/3

119
Q

Why is our medial meniscus shaped differently

A

It’s weight bearing surface

120
Q

What muscle lies right on crest of tibia

A

Anterior tibialis

121
Q

What muscle lies deep to our anterior tibialis

A

Extensor hallucis longus

122
Q

What muscle lies lateral to the anterior tibialis

A

Extensor digitorum longus

123
Q

Name and point to dermatomes if anterior lower extremities

A

Sural- lateral,
saphenous-medial,
lateral sural-upper lateral portion below knee ,
superficial fibular-lateral aspect of lower ext and top of foot,
deep fibular-between our big toe and second toe

124
Q

Name compartments of our neck and what lie in each

A
  1. Visceral esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland
  2. Vascular IJ, common carotid, vagus nerve
    3 vertebral-vertebrae, muscle portion
125
Q

What lies in our carotid sheath

A

IJ, common carotid artery, vagus nerve

126
Q

What is the 1st muscle you see when we dissect the neck away

A

Platysma

127
Q

What is unique about our hyoid bone

A

Free home with no articulations; hands by strap muscles

128
Q

Name our infrahyoid muscles

A

Sternohyoid
Omohyoid-superior and inferior belly
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid

129
Q

Name our suprahyoid muscles

A

Digastric- anterior and posterior
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid

130
Q

What muscle lies deep to our platysma

A

Sternocleidomastoid

131
Q

What makes borders of anterior triangle

A

Trachea
Inferior margin of mandible
Sternocleidomastoid

132
Q

What are the 2 sets of muscles in our neck that have 2 belly’s

A

Digastric and omohyoid

133
Q

What is the name of the infrahyoid muscle that has two belly’s

A

Omohyoid- inferior and superior belly

134
Q

What is the name of the suprahyoid muscle that has two belly’s

A

Digastric- anterior and posterior

135
Q

What muscle lies immediately deep to anterior belly of the diagastric

A

Mylohyoid

136
Q

What muscle lies deep to the sternocliedomastoid

A

Sternohyoid and/or omohyoids

137
Q

Why muscle lies immediately deep to the omohyoid

A

Sternothyroid

138
Q

Name the scalene muscles

A

Anterior scalene
Middle scalene
Posterior scalene

139
Q

What lies immediately on surface of it the anterior scalene

A

Phrenic nerve

140
Q

What muscle lies immediately deep to the brachial plexus

A

Middle scalene

141
Q

Where do the anterior and middle scalene muscles attach

A

1st rib

142
Q

Where does the posterior scalene attach

A

2nd rib

143
Q

What muscle lies immediately deep to the middle scalene

A

Posterior scalene

144
Q

What is the function of the Sternohyoid

A

Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

145
Q

What is the function of the omohyoids

A

Depresses and fixes hyoid bone

146
Q

What is the function of the Sternohyoid

A

Draws larynx downward

147
Q

What is the function of the thyrohyoid

A

Depressed the hyoid and when fixed pulls larynx up

148
Q

What are the superficial veins in our neck

A

Anterior jugular vein
External jugular vein

149
Q

Where can we find the external jugular vein

A

On surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle

150
Q

Where do the anterior jugular veins lay

A

On the superficial portion below platysma muscle

151
Q

What structure lies between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage

A

Cricotbyroid membrane- where we do emergent tracheostomies

152
Q

What is the function of the anterior belly of diagastric

A

Opens mouth by pulling mandible down

153
Q

What is the function of the posterior belly of digastric

A

Pull hyoid bone up and back

154
Q

What is the function of the stylohyoid

A

Pulls trachea up; in posteriorsuperior aspect

155
Q

What is the function of the Mylohyoid

A

Elevates and support floor of mouth; helps with chewing and preps for swallowing

156
Q

What is the function of the geniohyoid

A

Pulls hyoid bone forward and pulls mandible down and in

157
Q

Why is our phrenic nerve so important

A

Goes to diaphragm and we can’t breathe without it

158
Q

What are the roots of origin of our phrenic nerve

A

C3 C4 C5

159
Q

Where does the phrenic nerve lie

A

Surface of anterior scalene muscle

160
Q

What artery comes off first from our subclavian artery

A

Neither, both arteries come off at same time

161
Q

What is the origin of our right common carotid

A

Brachiocephalic artery

162
Q

What is the origin of our left common carotid

A

Aortic arch

163
Q

What is the origin of our left subclavian artery

A

Aortic arch

164
Q

What do our R and L common carotids split into

A

Internal and external carotids

165
Q

Does the internal carotid have any branches?

A

No but holds the carotid sinus

166
Q

How is our carotid sinus able to manage our BP

A

Has a pouch with baroreceptors that are stimulated by our sympathetic chain ganglion to work on the heart

167
Q

What are our two safety mechanisms

A

Carotid sinus and carotid body ( manage oxygen content- resp system and bone marrow)

168
Q

What are the branches of the external carotid artery

A

Superior thyroid artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery

169
Q

What is the origin of the superior thyroid artery

A

External carotid artery

170
Q

What is the origin of the inferior thyroid artery

A

Thyrocervical trunk

171
Q

What are the branches of your thyrocervical trunk

A

Suprascapular
Transverse cervical
Inferior thyroid
Ascending cervical

172
Q

What nerve innervates our suprahyoid muscles

A

CN 9 glossopharyngeal; all have to do with swallowing

173
Q

Is our vagus nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic

A

Parasympathetic 100%

174
Q

What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle

A

CN 11 spinal accessory; it traverses the sternocleidomastoid back immediately deep and goes to trapezius

175
Q

What muscle does the phrenic nerve lie superficial to?

A

Anterior scale

176
Q

What structure lies deep to the subclavian vein

A

Phrenic nerve

177
Q

What structure lies deep to the anterior scalene and superficial to the brachial plexus

A

Subclavian artery

178
Q

What are the roots of the phrenic nerve

A

C3 C4 C5

179
Q

How to sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways differ

A

Sympathetic; short pre-ganglion pathways and long post-ganglion pathways
Parasympathetic: long pre-ganglion pathways and short post ganglion pathways (in organs)

180
Q

How many extensions of sympathetic chain ganglion extend to our neck, name them

A
  1. Superior cervical ganglion
  2. Middle cervical ganglion
    3 inferior cervical ganglion
181
Q

What block is done to block our brachial plexus and why does this block our brachial plexus

A

Scalene block: brachial plexus lies between the anterior and middle scalene

182
Q

What is the largest duct in our body and why is it so big?

A

Left thoracic duct; drains waste and bacteria from body that right thoracic duct doesn’t get

183
Q

What complication can occur during CVL placement on left side

A

Chylothorax

184
Q

what position is prone

A

face down

185
Q

midsagittal plane

A

straight dow the middle

186
Q

sagital plane

A

separates right from left but is off the midline

187
Q

coronal plane

A

separates anterior from posterior

188
Q

oblique plane

A

at an angle

189
Q

transverse plane

A

straight across

190
Q

lateral

A

away from midline

191
Q

medial

A

towards midline

192
Q

distal

A

away from movable surface

193
Q

What kind of joint is the zygapophysial joint

A

Synovial producing

194
Q

What cells produce synovial fluid

A

Goblet cells

195
Q

What muscles make up the Pes anserinus

A

Sartoris
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

196
Q

What does stylohyoid muscle do?

A

Pulls hyoid bone upward in a postereosuperior direction

197
Q

What does anterior belly digastric muscle do?

A

Opens mouth by lowering mandible; raises hyoid bone

198
Q

What does posterior belly of digastric do?

A

Pulls hyoid bone upward and back

199
Q

What does mylohyoid do?

A

Support and elevation of floor of mouth

Elevation of hyoid

200
Q

What does geniohyoid do?

A

Fixed mandible elevates and pulls hyoid bone forward

Fixed hyoid bone pulls mandible downward and inward

201
Q

What does sternohyoid do?

A

Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing

202
Q

What does omohyoid muscle do?

A

Depresses and fixes hyoid bone

203
Q

What does thyrohyoid do?

A

Depresses hyoid bone, but when hyoid bone is fixed raises larynx

204
Q

What does sternohyoid muscle do

A

Draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward

205
Q

What are the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve

A

C5 C6 C7

206
Q

What are the roots of the axillary nerve

A

C5 C6

207
Q

What are the roots of the radial nerve?

A

C5 C6 C7 C8 T1

208
Q

What are the roots of the median nerve

A

C5 C6 C7 C8 T1

209
Q

What are the roots of the ulnar nerve?

A

C7 C8 T1

210
Q

What runs in and gives relation to the 3 cords of brachial plexus

A

Axillary artery

211
Q

What nerves lie posterior to axillary artery in brachial plexus?

A

Axillary and radial

212
Q

What are the 4 branches in order off thyrocervical trunk

A

Suprascapular
Transverse cervical
Inferior thyroid
Ascending cervical

213
Q

What are the cervical ganglions in the neck?

A

Superior
Middle
Inferior

214
Q

Which genicular nerve do we want to avoid?

A

Inferiorlateral

It can cause foot drop due to the recurrent peroneal nerve being motor

215
Q

Which cervical ganglion receives information from the carotid sinus?

A

Superior

Advanced Pharm (4 decks)

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