Anatomy Exam 1 Flashcards
1
Q
What is the correct anatomical position?
A
Thumbs out
2
Q
What position must our arms be in to allow our radius and ulna to be independent structures?
A
Supine hands supinated thumbs out
3
Q
What does the cephalic vein follow?
A
Thumbs and radius
4
Q
What does your basilic vein follow?
A
Pinky and ulna
5
Q
What’s one thing muscles do?
A
Contract
6
Q
Primary function of our vertebrae?
A
Protect spinal cord
7
Q
Now many cervical vertebrae?
A
7
8
Q
How many thoracic vertebrae?
A
12
9
Q
How many lumbar vertebrae?
A
5
10
Q
How many sacral vertebrae?
A
5 fused
11
Q
How many coccygeal vertebrae?
A
3-4 fused
12
Q
What makes cervical vertebrae unique?
A
Foramen transversarium
13
Q
What the purpose of the foremen transversarium?
A
Protect vertebral artery
14
Q
What makes of thoracic vertebrae unique?
A
Rib attachments
15
Q
All vertebrae contain the same structures, what do they contain?
A
Vertebral body,
pedicle,
Transverse process,
spinous process
Lamina
16
Q
How is the nerve able to leave the spinal cord and get to the body?
A
Intervertebral foramen
17
Q
What come together to form of vertebral foramen?
A
Superior and inferior vertebral notches
18
Q
What allows our spinal cord to have movement?
A
Zygapopphysial joints
19
Q
What is inside our intervertebral discs?
A
Nucleus pulposus and anulur fibrosis
20
Q
How many demifacets does a rib come into contact with?
A
3; 2 of its own rib and 1 from the vertebrae above it at inferior demifacet
21
Q
Name the ligament that provides rigidity and support to our head
A
Ligamentum nuchae
22
Q
Where does the levator scapulae attach?
A
c1-c4
23
Q
What is the separation point of our rhomboid major and rhomboid minor?
A
Where the spine of the scapula medially joins the border of the scapula
24
Q
What muscle is deep to the rhomboids?
A
Posterior serratus superior
25
Name the 3 muscles that are responsible for head movement and provide tremendous support because they run in different directions
Trapezius
Splenius capitus
Semisplenalis capitus
26
Muscle directly superior to spine of scapula
Supraspinatus
27
Muscle directly inferior to spine of scapula
Infraspinatus
28
An area where we have multiple layers of fascia bound together that’s extremely strong?
Aponeurosis
29
What 4 muscles make up the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis
30
What muscle or muscles form the posterior cuff of the rotator cuff?
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
31
What muscles or muscle make up the anterior cuff of the rotator cuff?
Subscapularis
32
What muscle or muscles make up the superior cuff of the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus
33
What area do most rotator cuff injuries occur and why?
Supraspinatus; forms 80% of cuff
34
What’s the main function of our axillary nerve?
Supply the deltoid
35
What artery and nerve pass through the quadrangular space?
Axillary nerve
Posterior circumflex humeral artery
36
What artery passes through the triangular space?
Circumflex scapular artery
37
What artery and nerve pass through the triangular interval?
Profunda brachii artery
Radial nerve
38
Name the heads of the triceps brachii
Long head
Lateral head
Medial head
39
What’s the relationship between our teres minor, teres major, and long head of tricep brachii?
Posterior view:
Long head of triceps lies superficial to teres major and deep to the teres minor
40
What artery and nerve lie immediately superficial to the medial head of our triceps brachii?
Profunda brachii artery and radial nerve
41
Name the borders of the quadrangular space?
Inferior margin of Subscapularis
Surgical neck of humerus
Superior margin of teres major
Lateral margin of long head tricep
42
Name the borders of the triangular space.
Medial margin of long head tricep
Inferior margin of Subscapularis
Superior margin of teres major
43
Name the borders of the triangular interval
Inferior margin of teres major
Shaft of humerus
Lateral margin of long head tricep
44
Name the heads of the biceps brachii
Short head and long head
45
Where does the long head of the biceps brachii attach?
Shoulder at glenoid fossa
46
How does the coracobrachialis attach to the humerus
Mid humerus on medial aspect
47
What are three muscles that attach to the coracoid process
Short head of bicep brachii
Coracobrachialis
Pectoralis minor
48
How does the brachialis muscle attach to the humerus
Mid humerus on lateral aspect
49
What muscle lies immediately deep to the short head of our bicep brachii
Coracobrachialis
50
What nerve punctures through our coracobrachialis and what makes it unique
Musculocutaneous nerve; helps find brachial plexus
51
What muscle lies immediately deep to the brachioradialis
Supinator
52
What muscle allows for supination?
Supinator
53
What muscles allow pronation?
Pronator teres
Pronator quadratus
54
Muscle that forms a web on palm of hands
Palmaris longus
55
What nerve lies immediately deep to the palmaris longus
Median nerve
56
What muscle allows flexion of our thumb
Flexor pollicis longus
57
What muscle lies deep to our flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profunda
58
Flow of arteries
Draw flow of arteries
59
Draw flow of views
Draw flow of veins
60
What important arteries come off the subclavian artery
Vertebral artery and thyrocervical trunk
61
Name branches off of the thyrocervical trunk
Suprascapular
Transverse cervical
Inferior thyroid
Ascending cervical
62
Name the branches that come off the axillary artery
Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral artery
63
What is the origin of our cephalic vein
Axillary vein
64
Name the 2 major veins that do not run with an artery
Cephalic and great saphenous vein
65
What vein connects our basilic and cephalic vein
Median cubital vein
66
Draw our brachial plexus
Draw out brachial plexus
67
When does the posterior cord of our brachial plexus become our radial nerve?
After we give off axillary nerve branch
68
What area does our brachial plexus innervate?
Shoulder to fingers
69
What 3 nerves from our brachial plexus continue all the way down to our fingers?
Median
Radial
Ulnar
70
What are the 4 major terminal branches of our brachial plexus
Musculocutaneous
Radial
Median
Ulnar
71
What area does our Musculocutaneous nerve innervate
Muscles and cutaneous area of arm until mid forearm the stops
72
What vein lies on the surface of our sternocleidomastoid muscle?
External jugular vein
73
What structures does our axillary artery lie between?
1st rob and teres major
74
What does our axillary vein give rise to after it passes the teres major?
Basilic vein
75
What is our pelvis made up of?
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
76
what is the most palpable point of our pelvis
ASIS
77
Where do our obturator nerves travel through and what do they supply
Obturator foramen
Supplies our adductors
78
What does our IT band allow us to do?
Stand for long periods of time without exerting any muscles
79
What muscles attaches to the anterior superior aspect of iliotibial tract
Tensor fasciae latae
80
What’s the longest muscle in the body?
Sartorius
81
What’s the least painful site to give IM injections?
Gluteus medius
82
What muscle lies immediately deep to the IT band
Vastus lateralis
83
What muscle lies medial to the vastus lateralis
Rectus femoris
84
What muscle lies on the lateral aspect of the posterior superior portion of the lower extremity
Bicep femoris; long head and short head
85
What muscle helps with finding our sciatic nerve
Piriformis
86
What muscle fills the gap left by our soleus muscle?
Popliteus
87
What is the longest tendon in our body
Plantaris tendon
88
Superior gluteal nerve
What nerve innervates the gluteus medius
89
Where does our superior gluteal nerve lie?
Deep to the gluteus medius and superficial to the gluteus minimus
It’s the defining separation point for our gluteus medius and minimus
90
What does our sciatic nerve split into
Tibial and common fibular nerve
91
What are the three structures in our popliteal fossa
Tibial nerve
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
92
What area does the tibial nerve innervate?
Posterior extremity and plantar surface of foot
93
What does the common fibular nerve innervate
Anterior of extremity
94
What muscle does the common fibular nerve follow as it comes to anterior portion of lower extremity
Biceps femoris
95
What 2 muscles form border of iliopsoas muscle
Iliacus and psoas major muscles
96
What muscle is immediately deep to the rectus femoris
Vastus intermedius
97
What muscle lies medial to the pectineus
Adductor longus
98
What muscle lies deep to our adductor longus
Adductor brevis
99
What 3 muscles attach at our Pes anserinus
Satorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosis
100
What makes our saphenous nerve unique?
Carries sensory innervations only
101
What gives rise to our fibular artery and vein
Posterior tibial artery and vein
102
What is the point at which our femoral artery and vein become our popliteal artery and vein
Adductor hiatus
103
What structures lie in our adductor canal
Femoral artery
Femoral vein
Saphenous nerve
104
What is the origin of the roots of our sciatic nerve
L4 L5 S1 S2 S3
105
What is the origin of the roots of our tibial nerve
L4, L5 S1, S2, S3
106
What is the origin of the roots of our common fibular nerve?
L4 L5 S1 S2
107
What is the origin of our lateral sural nerve
Common fibular nerve
108
What muscle lies deep to the long head of our biceps femoris
Short head of biceps femoris
109
What nerves does the common fibular nerve give rise to?
Lateral sural
Superficial fibular
Deep fibular
110
What muscle lies in the popliteal fossa
Plantaris
111
What muscle lies medially deep to the gastrocnemius
Soleus
112
What 3 muscles lie deep to the soleus (are fibrously and membranously bound to the posterior aspect of tibia)
Flexor hallucis longus
Posterior tibialis
Flexor digitorum longus
113
Where does your sural nerve branch off from
Tibial nerve NOT common fibular
114
What nerve lies superficial to the gastrocnemius
Sural nerve
115
Name branches of the popliteal artery
Anterior and posterior tibial
116
What does our anterior cruciate ligament do
Keeps tibia from moving forward when we walk
117
How does the anterior cruciate ligament attach to the tibia
Runs superior lateral to inferiorly medial
118
How much of our meniscus gets blood supply
2/3
119
Why is our medial meniscus shaped differently
It’s weight bearing surface
120
What muscle lies right on crest of tibia
Anterior tibialis
121
What muscle lies deep to our anterior tibialis
Extensor hallucis longus
122
What muscle lies lateral to the anterior tibialis
Extensor digitorum longus
123
Name and point to dermatomes if anterior lower extremities
Sural- lateral,
saphenous-medial,
lateral sural-upper lateral portion below knee ,
superficial fibular-lateral aspect of lower ext and top of foot,
deep fibular-between our big toe and second toe
124
Name compartments of our neck and what lie in each
1. Visceral esophagus, trachea, thyroid gland
2. Vascular IJ, common carotid, vagus nerve
3 vertebral-vertebrae, muscle portion
125
What lies in our carotid sheath
IJ, common carotid artery, vagus nerve
126
What is the 1st muscle you see when we dissect the neck away
Platysma
127
What is unique about our hyoid bone
Free home with no articulations; hands by strap muscles
128
Name our infrahyoid muscles
Sternohyoid
Omohyoid-superior and inferior belly
Sternothyroid
Thyrohyoid
129
Name our suprahyoid muscles
Digastric- anterior and posterior
Stylohyoid
Mylohyoid
Geniohyoid
130
What muscle lies deep to our platysma
Sternocleidomastoid
131
What makes borders of anterior triangle
Trachea
Inferior margin of mandible
Sternocleidomastoid
132
What are the 2 sets of muscles in our neck that have 2 belly’s
Digastric and omohyoid
133
What is the name of the infrahyoid muscle that has two belly’s
Omohyoid- inferior and superior belly
134
What is the name of the suprahyoid muscle that has two belly’s
Digastric- anterior and posterior
135
What muscle lies immediately deep to anterior belly of the diagastric
Mylohyoid
136
What muscle lies deep to the sternocliedomastoid
Sternohyoid and/or omohyoids
137
Why muscle lies immediately deep to the omohyoid
Sternothyroid
138
Name the scalene muscles
Anterior scalene
Middle scalene
Posterior scalene
139
What lies immediately on surface of it the anterior scalene
Phrenic nerve
140
What muscle lies immediately deep to the brachial plexus
Middle scalene
141
Where do the anterior and middle scalene muscles attach
1st rib
142
Where does the posterior scalene attach
2nd rib
143
What muscle lies immediately deep to the middle scalene
Posterior scalene
144
What is the function of the Sternohyoid
Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing
145
What is the function of the omohyoids
Depresses and fixes hyoid bone
146
What is the function of the Sternohyoid
Draws larynx downward
147
What is the function of the thyrohyoid
Depressed the hyoid and when fixed pulls larynx up
148
What are the superficial veins in our neck
Anterior jugular vein
External jugular vein
149
Where can we find the external jugular vein
On surface of sternocleidomastoid muscle
150
Where do the anterior jugular veins lay
On the superficial portion below platysma muscle
151
What structure lies between the thyroid cartilage and the cricoid cartilage
Cricotbyroid membrane- where we do emergent tracheostomies
152
What is the function of the anterior belly of diagastric
Opens mouth by pulling mandible down
153
What is the function of the posterior belly of digastric
Pull hyoid bone up and back
154
What is the function of the stylohyoid
Pulls trachea up; in posteriorsuperior aspect
155
What is the function of the Mylohyoid
Elevates and support floor of mouth; helps with chewing and preps for swallowing
156
What is the function of the geniohyoid
Pulls hyoid bone forward and pulls mandible down and in
157
Why is our phrenic nerve so important
Goes to diaphragm and we can’t breathe without it
158
What are the roots of origin of our phrenic nerve
C3 C4 C5
159
Where does the phrenic nerve lie
Surface of anterior scalene muscle
160
What artery comes off first from our subclavian artery
Neither, both arteries come off at same time
161
What is the origin of our right common carotid
Brachiocephalic artery
162
What is the origin of our left common carotid
Aortic arch
163
What is the origin of our left subclavian artery
Aortic arch
164
What do our R and L common carotids split into
Internal and external carotids
165
Does the internal carotid have any branches?
No but holds the carotid sinus
166
How is our carotid sinus able to manage our BP
Has a pouch with baroreceptors that are stimulated by our sympathetic chain ganglion to work on the heart
167
What are our two safety mechanisms
Carotid sinus and carotid body ( manage oxygen content- resp system and bone marrow)
168
What are the branches of the external carotid artery
Superior thyroid artery
Lingual artery
Facial artery
169
What is the origin of the superior thyroid artery
External carotid artery
170
What is the origin of the inferior thyroid artery
Thyrocervical trunk
171
What are the branches of your thyrocervical trunk
Suprascapular
Transverse cervical
Inferior thyroid
Ascending cervical
172
What nerve innervates our suprahyoid muscles
CN 9 glossopharyngeal; all have to do with swallowing
173
Is our vagus nerve sympathetic or parasympathetic
Parasympathetic 100%
174
What nerve supplies the trapezius muscle
CN 11 spinal accessory; it traverses the sternocleidomastoid back immediately deep and goes to trapezius
175
What muscle does the phrenic nerve lie superficial to?
Anterior scale
176
What structure lies deep to the subclavian vein
Phrenic nerve
177
What structure lies deep to the anterior scalene and superficial to the brachial plexus
Subclavian artery
178
What are the roots of the phrenic nerve
C3 C4 C5
179
How to sympathetic and parasympathetic pathways differ
Sympathetic; short pre-ganglion pathways and long post-ganglion pathways
Parasympathetic: long pre-ganglion pathways and short post ganglion pathways (in organs)
180
How many extensions of sympathetic chain ganglion extend to our neck, name them
1. Superior cervical ganglion
2. Middle cervical ganglion
3 inferior cervical ganglion
181
What block is done to block our brachial plexus and why does this block our brachial plexus
Scalene block: brachial plexus lies between the anterior and middle scalene
182
What is the largest duct in our body and why is it so big?
Left thoracic duct; drains waste and bacteria from body that right thoracic duct doesn’t get
183
What complication can occur during CVL placement on left side
Chylothorax
184
what position is prone
face down
185
midsagittal plane
straight dow the middle
186
sagital plane
separates right from left but is off the midline
187
coronal plane
separates anterior from posterior
188
oblique plane
at an angle
189
transverse plane
straight across
190
lateral
away from midline
191
medial
towards midline
192
distal
away from movable surface
193
What kind of joint is the zygapophysial joint
Synovial producing
194
What cells produce synovial fluid
Goblet cells
195
What muscles make up the Pes anserinus
Sartoris
Gracilis
Semitendinosus
196
What does stylohyoid muscle do?
Pulls hyoid bone upward in a postereosuperior direction
197
What does anterior belly digastric muscle do?
Opens mouth by lowering mandible; raises hyoid bone
198
What does posterior belly of digastric do?
Pulls hyoid bone upward and back
199
What does mylohyoid do?
Support and elevation of floor of mouth
Elevation of hyoid
200
What does geniohyoid do?
Fixed mandible elevates and pulls hyoid bone forward
Fixed hyoid bone pulls mandible downward and inward
201
What does sternohyoid do?
Depresses hyoid bone after swallowing
202
What does omohyoid muscle do?
Depresses and fixes hyoid bone
203
What does thyrohyoid do?
Depresses hyoid bone, but when hyoid bone is fixed raises larynx
204
What does sternohyoid muscle do
Draws larynx (thyroid cartilage) downward
205
What are the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve
C5 C6 C7
206
What are the roots of the axillary nerve
C5 C6
207
What are the roots of the radial nerve?
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
208
What are the roots of the median nerve
C5 C6 C7 C8 T1
209
What are the roots of the ulnar nerve?
C7 C8 T1
210
What runs in and gives relation to the 3 cords of brachial plexus
Axillary artery
211
What nerves lie posterior to axillary artery in brachial plexus?
Axillary and radial
212
What are the 4 branches in order off thyrocervical trunk
Suprascapular
Transverse cervical
Inferior thyroid
Ascending cervical
213
What are the cervical ganglions in the neck?
Superior
Middle
Inferior
214
Which genicular nerve do we want to avoid?
Inferiorlateral
It can cause foot drop due to the recurrent peroneal nerve being motor
215
Which cervical ganglion receives information from the carotid sinus?
Superior
