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ENT > Anatomy - Clinical Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx > Flashcards

Anatomy - Clinical Anatomy of the Salivary Glands, Tongue, Palate and Pharynx Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles form the floor of the mouth?

A

Mylohyoid

Geniohyoid

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2
Q

What is the innervation of the geniohyoid muscle?

A

C1 spinal nerve fibres

(travel alongside hypoglossal nerve)

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the mylohyoid muscle?

A

CN V3

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4
Q

What are the three bilateral pairs of major salivary glands?

A
  1. Parotid
  2. Submandibular
  3. Sublingual
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5
Q

What is the function of minor salivary glands?

A

Basal secretion of saliva to keep mouth moist

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6
Q

Where does the submandibular duct enter the oral cavity?

A

Floor via lingual caruncle

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7
Q

What is the innervation to sublingual salivary gland?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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8
Q

What is the innervation to the submandibular salivary glands?

A

Facial nerve (CN VII)

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9
Q

What is the innervation of the parotid gland?

A

Auriculotemporal nerve (branch of CN V3)

(glossopharyngeal nerve supplies otic ganglion which supplies auriculotemporal nerve)

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10
Q

Where does the submandibular gland secrete saliva?

A

Lingual caruncle

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11
Q

What innervates the submandibular glands?

A

Facial nerve

(Via chorda tympani which joins with lingual nerve, a branch of CN V3)

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12
Q

What innervates the sublingual glands?

A

Facial nerve

(Via chorda tympani which joins with lingual nerve, a branch of CN V3)

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13
Q

Which types of lingual papillae are related to taste?

A
  1. Vallate
  2. Fungiform
  3. Foliate
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14
Q

Which type of papillae on the tongue is associated with toch and temperature?

A

Filiform

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15
Q

What are the lymphoid nodules on the mucosa of the posterior tongue collectively known as?

A

Lingual tonsil

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16
Q

By which other name is the submandibular duct called?

A

Wharten’s duct

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17
Q

What provides general sensation to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

A

Lingual nerve

(branch of CN V3)

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18
Q

What provides taste sensation to the anterior 2/3rd of the tongue?

A

CN VII

(via chorda tympani)

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19
Q

What provides tatste and general sensation to the posterior part of the tongue?

A

CN IX

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20
Q

How do thyroid swellings move on swallowing?

A

Superiorly then inferiorly

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21
Q

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A
  1. Palatoglossus
  2. Styloglossus
  3. Genioglossus
  4. Hyoglossus
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22
Q

What is the motor innervation of the extrinsic muscles of tongue?

A

All CN XII except palatoglossus (pharyngeal plexus (from CN X))

23
Q

Where do the rootlets of the hypoglossal nerve attach to the brain?

A

Medulla oblongata

24
Q

What is the extracranial pathway of the hypoglossal nerve?

A

Descends in neck lateral to the carotid sheath

Passes anteriorly at the level of the hyoid bone towards lateral tongue

25
Q

How can CN XII be clinically tested?

A

Stick out tongue

(tongue tip should remain in the midline upon protrusion)

(if it deviates to one side, that is the side with the dysfunctional nerve)

26
Q

Arteries pass ________ to the hyoglossus and nerves pass _________ to the hyoglossus

A

Arteries pass medial to the hyoglossus and nerves pass lateral to the hyoglossus

27
Q

Which bones form the hard palate?

A
  1. Palatine processes of maxilla
  2. Palatine bones
  3. Sphenoid bone
28
Q

How do the epithelia of the hard and soft palate differ?

A

Hard - Keratinised stratified squamous

Soft - Non-keratinised stratified squamous

29
Q

Name the muscles associated with the soft palate

A
  1. Tensor veli palatini
  2. Palatopharyngeus
  3. Palatoglossus
  4. Musculus uvulae
  5. Levator veli palatini
30
Q

What is the innervation of all of the muscles of the soft palate and what is the exception?

A

CN X

Tensor veli palatini - CN V3

31
Q

What is the function of the palatoglossus?

A

Brings tongue and soft palate together

32
Q

What is the fucntion of the palatopharyngeus?

A

Lifts pharynx and thyroid cartilage

33
Q

What is the fucntion of the tensor veli palatini?

A

Tenses palatine aponeurosis

34
Q

What is the function of the levator veli palatini?

A

Lifts palatine aponeurosis

35
Q

What is the function of the musculus uvulae?

A

Shortens uvula

36
Q

Which muscle forms the first pharyngeal arch?

A

Palatoglossus

37
Q

How can CN X be clinically tested?

A

Open mouth and say “Ahhhh”

Uvula should lift straight up in the midline

(If it deviates to one side the opposite side’s nerve is dysfunctional)

38
Q

Which type of muscles form the outer layer of muscles in the pharynx?

A

Circular constrictor muscles

39
Q

Which type of muscles form the inner layer of muscles in the pharynx?

A

Longitudinal muscles

(3 paired vertical muscles)

40
Q

Which nerve innervates all of the muscles of the pharynx and what is the exception?

A

CN X (via pharyngeal plexus)

Stylopharyngeus is innervated by CN IX

41
Q

Which nerve lies over stylopharyngeus?

42
Q

For which reason does the tensor veli palatini manage to tense the palatine aponeurosis when it is at right angles to it?

A

It glides around the hamulus of the sphenoid allowing it to be at right angles

43
Q

Where do all the circular pharyngeal muscles insert?

A

Midline raphe

44
Q

What are the three longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A
  1. Palatopharyngeus
  2. Salpingopharyngeus
  3. Stylopharyngeus
45
Q

Where do all the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx insert?

A

Posterior border of thyroid cartilage

46
Q

What is the function of the longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Elevate pharynx and larynx

47
Q

What is the name given to the posterior openings of the nasal cavity?

48
Q

What are the valleculae?

A

Spaces between the epiglottis and posterior tongue

49
Q

Where does lymph from the root of the tongue drain?

A

Superior deep cervical lymph nodes

50
Q

Where does lymph from the medial part of the body of the tongue drain?

A

Inferior deep cervical lymph nodes

51
Q

Where does lymph from the lateral aspects of the body of the tongue drain?

A

Submandibular lymph nodes

52
Q

Where does the frenulum and apex of the tongue drain lymph?

A

Submental lymph nodes

53
Q

Which lymph node drains into the palatine tonsil?

A

Jugulo-digastric node

ENT (17 decks)

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