Anatomy Chapter 5 Vocabulary

Question 1

Axial Skeleton

Answer 1

the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Question 2

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 2

bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton

Question 3

Compact Bones

Answer 3

dense bone composed of osteons that makes up the outer layer of flat, short, and irregular bones ; major component of long bone

Question 4

Spongy Bones

Answer 4

internal layer of bone in flat, short, and irregular bones, and in epiphyses of long bone

Question 5

Long Bones

Answer 5

a bone that is longer than it is wide

Question 6

Flat Bones

Answer 6

a bone that is thin, flattened, and usually curved

Question 7

Short Bones

Answer 7

generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone

Question 8

Irregular Bones

Answer 8

Bones that do not fit one of the preceding categories

Question 9

Diaphysis

Answer 9

elongated shaft of the long bone

Question 10

Periosteum

Answer 10

double layered connective tissue membrane that covers and nourishes the bone

Question 11

Sharpey’s fibers

Answer 11

connective tissue fibers that secure the periosteum to the bone

Question 12

Epiphyses

Answer 12

the end of a long bone

Question 13

Articular cartilage

Answer 13

hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis of a bone at a joint

Question 14

Epiphyseal line

Answer 14

calcified line in the epiphysis of a long bone that contained hyaline cartilage during the period of long bone growth, which ends when calcification is complete

Question 15

Epiphyseal plate

Answer 15

plate of hyaline cartilage in the epiphysis of a bone bone that allows for growth in length

Question 16

Medullary cavity

Answer 16

central cavity in the diaphysis of the long bone containing marrow

Question 17

Red marrow

Answer 17

bone marrow that is the site of blood cells production

Question 18

Yellow marrow

Answer 18

bone marrow that stores adipose (fat) tissue

Question 19

Bone markings

Answer 19

surface features of bones where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach, and where blood vessels and nerve pass

Question 20

Osteocytes

Answer 20

a mature bone cell

Question 21

Lacunae

Answer 21

a little depression or space ; in bone or cartilage, lacunae are occupied by cells

Question 22

Lamellae

Answer 22

concentric rings of bone matrix with lacunae between them

Question 23

Haversian canals

Answer 23

a series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae

Question 24

Canaliculi

Answer 24

extremely small tubular passage or channel

Question 25

Volkmann’s canals

Answer 25

canal running at the right angles to the central canal in an osteon

Question 26

Ossification

Answer 26

the process of bone formation

Question 27

Osteoblasts

Answer 27

bone forming cells

Question 28

Osteoclasts

Answer 28

large cell that resorb or break down bone matrix

Question 29

Rickets

Answer 29

disease in which the bones of children fail to calcify properly, leading to bowing of the leg bones

Question 30

Fracture

Answer 30

a partial or complete break in the bone