Anatomy Chapter 5 Vocabulary Flashcards
Axial Skeleton
the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum
Appendicular Skeleton
bones of the limbs and limb girdles that are attached to the axial skeleton
Compact Bones
dense bone composed of osteons that makes up the outer layer of flat, short, and irregular bones ; major component of long bone
Spongy Bones
internal layer of bone in flat, short, and irregular bones, and in epiphyses of long bone
Long Bones
a bone that is longer than it is wide
Flat Bones
a bone that is thin, flattened, and usually curved
Short Bones
generally cube-shaped and contain mostly spongy bone with an outer layer of compact bone
Irregular Bones
Bones that do not fit one of the preceding categories
Diaphysis
elongated shaft of the long bone
Periosteum
double layered connective tissue membrane that covers and nourishes the bone
Sharpey’s fibers
connective tissue fibers that secure the periosteum to the bone
Epiphyses
the end of a long bone
Articular cartilage
hyaline cartilage covering the epiphysis of a bone at a joint
Epiphyseal line
calcified line in the epiphysis of a long bone that contained hyaline cartilage during the period of long bone growth, which ends when calcification is complete
Epiphyseal plate
plate of hyaline cartilage in the epiphysis of a bone bone that allows for growth in length
Medullary cavity
central cavity in the diaphysis of the long bone containing marrow
Red marrow
bone marrow that is the site of blood cells production
Yellow marrow
bone marrow that stores adipose (fat) tissue
Bone markings
surface features of bones where muscles, tendons, and ligaments attach, and where blood vessels and nerve pass
Osteocytes
a mature bone cell
Lacunae
a little depression or space ; in bone or cartilage, lacunae are occupied by cells
Lamellae
concentric rings of bone matrix with lacunae between them
Haversian canals
a series of tubes around narrow channels formed by lamellae
Canaliculi
extremely small tubular passage or channel
