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Anatomy > Anatomy Chapter 1 and 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy Chapter 1 and 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is RNA?

A

Carries out protein synthesis. Single stranded. Ribose

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2
Q

What is DNA?

A

Houses genetic material, the blueprint. Double stranded. Dioxyribose

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3
Q

What is ATP?

A

Adenosine Triphosphate. Created from combining or breaking down molecules.

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4
Q

What are enzymes?

A

Biological catalyst. Increases the body’s chemical reactions a million fold. (-ase suffix)

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5
Q

What are Polar molecules?

A

Molecules that unevenly share electrons and have a charge.

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6
Q

What are non-polar molecules?

A

Molecules that share electron evenly and have no charge.

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7
Q

What is a molecule?

A

One or more atom of the same element.

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8
Q

What is a compound?

A

Atoms from at least two different elements.

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9
Q

What is a cation ion?

A

Positive charge. Due to less electrons

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10
Q

What is an anion ion?

A

Negative charge due to more electrons

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11
Q

Inorganic

A

Simple and small, includes water, salt, acids and bases

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12
Q

Organic

A

Large covalent molecules, contain carbon. Include proteins, carbs and lipids.

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13
Q

Dehydration Synthesis

A

Water is removed from molecule to combine monomers

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14
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Water is added to molecules to combine monomers

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15
Q

Atomic Number

A

Number of protons in an element, will not change

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16
Q

Atomic Weight

A

Approximately equal to the element’s most abundant isotope

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17
Q

Mass Number

A

Add the protons and electron’s of an element

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18
Q

Ion

A

Atom lost or gained an electron

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19
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged, close to the nucleus of an atom

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20
Q

Neutron

A

Neutral, Uncharged

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21
Q

Electron

A

Negatively Charged, aound the outside of the atom

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22
Q

Proteins

A

Account for half of the body’s organic mass. Built from building blocks called amino acids.

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23
Q

Saturated Fats

A

Single covalent bonds. Straight chains. Exist as a solid at room temperature

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24
Q

Unsaturated Fats

A

One or more covalent bonds. Kink in the chain. Exist in a liquid form at room temperatures. “Oils”

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25
Q

Ionic Bond

A

form when electrons are completely transferred from one atom to another. Allows the atom to achieve stability in the valence shell. Positive and negative charges hold the atoms together.

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26
Q

Covalent Bonds

A

become stable through shared electrons. Single covalent share one pair of electrons. Double share two pairs of electrons. Polar (not equally shared) and non polar covalent bonds

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27
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

are are extremely weak bonds. Important for forming intramolecular bonds such as protein structures. Responsible for water tension.

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28
Q

PH

A

-measure the number of protons in a solution. Measures concentration of hydrogen ions in body fluids. Scale is 0 (acidic) to 14(basic).

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29
Q

Electrolytes

A

Ions that can conduct electrical currents. (Salt) Acids are also elctrolytes.

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30
Q

Synthesis Reaction

A

Two or more elements to combine to create a different compound or element. (H2O)

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31
Q

Decomposition Reaction

A

Energy is released when breaking down molecules. (Digestion)

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32
Q

Exchange Reactions

A

Simultaneous Synthesis and Decomposition

33
Q

Matter

A

Anything that has mass or takes up space

34
Q

Oxygen

A

O

35
Q

Carbon

A

C

36
Q

Hydrogen

A

H

37
Q

Nitrogen

A

N

38
Q

Calcium

A

Ca

39
Q

Phosphorus

A

P

40
Q

Potassium

A

K

41
Q

Sulfur

A

S

42
Q

Sodium

A

Na

43
Q

Chlorine

A

Cl

44
Q

Magnesium

A

Mg

45
Q

Survival needs?

A

Nutrients, Oxygen, Water, Body Temp, Atmospheric Pressure

46
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Split front to back

47
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Split top to bottom

48
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Split in the middle

49
Q

Distal

A

Farther away from limb’s origin

50
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to limb’s origin

51
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the center of the body

52
Q

Lateral

A

Closer to the outside of the body

53
Q

Superior

A

Above

54
Q

Inferior

A

Below

55
Q

Deep

A

Closer to the inside of the body

56
Q

Superficial

A

Closer to the skin’s surface

57
Q

Anterior

A

Front

58
Q

Posterior

A

Back

59
Q

Anatomical Position

A

Standing erect, feet shoulder width, arms out, palms facing forward

60
Q

Water body percentage

A

60-80%

61
Q

Homeostasis

A

the process which the body uses to stay within it’s survivable parameters

62
Q

Three parts of homeostasis

A

Recepter, Control, Effect

63
Q

Receptor

A

Recognizes the stimuli and sends the report to the control center

64
Q

Control Center

A

Analyzes the data and determines the response

65
Q

Effect

A

Responds to the stimulus “turns down the thermostat”

66
Q

Negative Effect Homeostasis

A

Responds by mitigating or turning down the thermostat

67
Q

Positive effect Homeostasis

A

Very rare, occurs during pregnancy. Increases the stimuli’s reaction

68
Q

Respiratory System Actions

A

Supplies oxygen and removes CO2

69
Q

Digestive System Actions

A

Breaks down food and processes nutrients, gets rid of waste product

70
Q

Urinary System Actions

A

Eliminates waste, maintains blood pressure by pulling in or releasing water in the blood stream, maintains acid base

71
Q

Lymphatic System Actions

A

Filters bad stuff from your body, helps maintain blood volume

72
Q

Nervous System Actions

A

Fast acting control system, sends info out

73
Q

Endocrine System Actions

A

Slow acting control system, reacts by releasing hormones into the blood stream

74
Q

Cardiovascular System Actions

A

Transports oxygen and CO2

75
Q

Muscular System Actions

A

Provides thermogenic properties, “moves” the body

76
Q

Skeletal System Actions

A

Provides structure, protects organs, site for blood cell formation

77
Q

Integument System Actions

A

Provides protection and a barrier against pathogens, excrements waste, helps regulate body temperature, produces vitamin D

78
Q

Reproductive

A

Procreation of the species

Anatomy (1 decks)

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