anatomy bones and bone tissue

Question 1

hematopoiesis

Answer 1

blood cell formation

Question 2

number of bones in the body

Answer 2

206

Question 3

5 types of bones

Answer 3

long bones, short bones, flat bones, irregular bones, sesamoid bones

Question 4

long bone definition

Answer 4

greater length than its width

Question 5

short bone definition

Answer 5

width is roughly same as height

Question 6

flat bone definition

Answer 6

broad, flat, and thin - 2 layers of contact bone squishing a layer of spongey bone in between

Question 7

irregular bone definition

Answer 7

typically irregularly shaped, lots of bumps and protuberances ex: vertebrae, ethmoid bone

Question 8

sesamoid bone definition

Answer 8

“resembling a sesame seed” develop in tendons

Question 9

largest sesamoid bone

Answer 9

patella (kneecap)

Question 10

spongey bone also known as

Answer 10

trabecular (little beans) /cancellous bone (lattice)

Question 11

compact bone also known as

Answer 11

cortical bone (derived from cortex - latin for bark)

Question 12

what is the periosteum

Answer 12

living membrane surrounding the bone

Question 13

hyaline cartilage

Answer 13

articulating surface - allows for bones to articulate but not grind against each other

Question 14

diaphysis

Answer 14

shaft of a long bone

Question 15

what are the sharpies fibres (perforating)

Answer 15

interlace between the membrane and the boney tissue

Question 16

epiphysis

Answer 16

proximal and distal ends of a long bone

Question 17

red bone marrow

Answer 17

found in the epiphysis, within spongey bone pockets

Question 18

yellow bone marrow

Answer 18

found in the diaphysis of a long bone, within compact bone medullary cavity

Question 19

nutrient foramen

Answer 19

for an artery vein can exit or enter the medular canal

Question 19

endosteum

Answer 19

membrane that lines the medullary cavity

Question 20

how many bones do newborns have

Answer 20

a newborn has more bones than an adult.
the diaphysis is separated from the epiphyses

Question 21

what are the epiphyseal plates

Answer 21

growth plates when forming, metaphysis after bones have been connected.
located at the point between the epiphyses and diaphysis

Question 22

what can happen if the epiphyseal plates are damaged

Answer 22

can impact growth, ex: causing one leg to stop growing at a particular length and the other to grow normally resulting in one short leg and one “normal” length leg

Question 22

what do the epiphyseal plates

Answer 22

allow for growth of bones linearly

Question 23

Diploe (e with dot above)

Answer 23

spongey bone when found in between 2 layers of contact bone of the skull

Question 24

where is sponge bone found in the long bone?

Answer 24

epiphyses

Question 25

what does the microscopic structure of bone tissue contain

Answer 25

extracellular matrix (ECM), which is made up of inorganic and organic matrixes

Question 25

where is compact bone found in the long bone?

Answer 25

diaphysis

Question 26

Extracellular matrix

Answer 26

made up of organic and inorganic matrixs
(substances)

Question 27

inorganic matrix

Answer 27

minerals - make up the majority of the composition of bones. 65% of every bone is made up of minerals, 65% of bones total weight

Question 28

organic matrix

Answer 28

sometimes referred to as osteoid.
consists of collagen fibres, protein fibres, proteoglycans (bone specific proteins)
remaining 35% of bone is made up of organic matter

Question 29

what is the osmotic gradient?

Answer 29

holds organic matrix (osteoid) and inorganic matrix together

Question 29

what are hydroxyapatite crystals

Answer 29

what gives bone its hardness - combination of the calcium and phosphorus inorganic matters

Question 30

basic functional unit of compact bone

Answer 30

osteon

Question 30

what happens if you remove the organic matrix from bones

Answer 30

results in brittle bones - shatters easily

Question 30

what happens if you remove the inorganic matrix from bones

Answer 30

results in bendable bones - cannot resist compression

Question 31

where do osteocytes reside in compact bone

Answer 31

lacunae

Question 32

osteoblasts

Answer 32

younger cells, bone producing (building) cells

Question 33

osteoclasts

Answer 33

bone reabsorbing cells - with H+ and enzyme secretion

Question 34

5 Compact bone structures

Answer 34

Osteons, lamellae, central canal, lacunae, canaliculi

Question 34

osteocytes

Answer 34

osteo - bone
cytes - cells
cells maintaing homeostatis (mature cells)
traps osteoblasts and transforms them into osteocytes to maintain ECM

Question 35

series of circular boney tissue in opposing directions of compact bone

Answer 35

lamellae

Question 36

canals that extend between lacunae allowing for communication

Answer 36

canaliculi

Question 37

allows for appositional growth

Answer 37

circumferential lamellae

Question 38

interstitial lamellae

Answer 38

in between adjacent osteons (used to be osteons, but have remodelled)