Anatomy- Bones Flashcards
Bone is also known as what tissue?
Osseous
Mineralization and Calcification
The hardening process of bone tissue
Nutrient Foramina
Small bone through which blood vessels travel.
Bones that are constructed like sandwhich with spongy bone between compact bone.
Flat Bones
Name 4 types of bone cells
Osteocytes, Osteoblasts, Osteogenic cells, Osteoclasts
What percentage of bone is organic material
one third
What percentage of bone is inorganic material
two-thirds
Mature bone cells are trapped in cavities called…
Lacunae
Osteon
The basic structural unit of compact bone
Orthopedics
The branch of medicine associated with treating bone disorders.
Composition of the skeletal system
bones, cartilage, and ligaments
the organ of the skeletal system
the bones
Covers many joint surfaces of mature bone
Cartilage
Holds bones together at joints
Ligaments
What are the functions of the skeleton
Support-framework, muscle attachment
Protection: soft organs of the body, eg. skull
Movement: muscle and joint
Electrolyte balance: bones are the reservoir
Acid-base balance: stabilize
Blood formation: bone marrow
Features of a flat bone
Thin, curved
Protect soft organs
Features of a Long Bone
longer than wide, rigid levers acted upon by muscles,
crucial for movment
Features of the short bones
appx. equal in length and width
Glide across one another in multiple directions
Features of irregular bones
All bones that do not fit the other categories, such as vertebra.
Compact bone
dense outer shell of bone
Spongy bone
loosely organized bone tissue
Diaphysis
located in long bones
shaft the provides leverage
contains the marrow
Epiphyses
Enlarged ends of long bone, “head”
Medullary cavity
Located in diaphysis, aka marrow cavity
Articular cartilage
layer of hyaline cartilage that covers the joint surface,
allows joint to move freely
Nutrient foramina
minute holes in bone surface that allows blood vessels to penetrate
Periosteum
External sheath covering most of the bone
Endosteum
thin layer of reticular connective tissue lining marrow cavity
Epiphyseal plate
Growth plate
growth in children
Epiphyseal line in adults
Composition of Flat bone
2 layers of compact bone surround the Diploe
Diploe
Spongy middle layer of the flat bone to absorb shock
Osseous tissue
bone tissue
Composition of bone connective tissue
cells, fibers and ground substance
Osteogenic cells
stem cells, found in endosteum and periosteum
Osteoblasts
bone forming precursor cells, lay down the matrix
Osteocytes
mature osteoblasts that have become trapped in the matrix they deposit, trapped in lacuna and canaliculi
Osteoclasts originate from
Blood cell stem cells, live in resorption pools
Osteoblasts originate from
Osteogenic Stem cells
