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Principles > Anatomy - Bones > Flashcards

Anatomy - Bones Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Fibrous Joints

A

Syndesmoses
Sutures
Fontanelles

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2
Q

Syndesmoses

A

Fibrous membrane
Partially moveable
e.g. interosseous membrane

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3
Q

Sutures

A

Bones held together by tough fibres, either interlocking or overlapping Highly stable
e.g. coronal suture

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4
Q

Fontanelles

A

Wide sutures in the neonatal skull

Allow growing bones to slide over each other

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5
Q

Types of Joints

A

Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial

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6
Q

Types of Cartilaginous Joints

A

Primary cartilaginous

Secondary cartilaginous

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7
Q

Primary Cartilaginous Joints

A 
Synchondroses
Bones joined by hyaline cartilage
Permit growth in length of bone
Usually only temporary, and will ossify and fuse 
e.g. long bone epiphyseal growth plate
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8
Q

Secondary Cartilaginous Joints

A

Symphyses
Strong, slightly moveable
United by fibrocartilage
e.g. intervertebral discs

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9
Q

Types of Synovial Joints

A 
Plane 
Hinge
Biaxial 
Ball and Socket
Pivot
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10
Q

Synovial Joint Features

A

Hyaline cartilage covering articular surfaces
Capsule wrapped arund joint
Joint cavity with synovial fluid
Supported by ligaments from bone to bone
Associated with skeletal muscles and their tendons
Associated with bursae containing synovial fluid

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11
Q

Rank Joints in Order of Mobility

A

Synovial>Cartilaginous>Fibrous

Increasing stability

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12
Q

Define Subluxation

A

Reduced area of contact between articular surfaces at a joint

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13
Q

Define Dislocation

A

Complete loss of contact between articular surfaces at a joint

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14
Q

Give an example of an Atypical Feature of a Synovial Joint

A

Articular disc of the TMJs

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15
Q

Endochondral Ossification

A

Process by which an initial, all hyaline cartilage version grows and turns into bone
When the growth of the hyaline cartilage ossifies, growth ceases

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16
Q

Structure of Bone

A

Outer cortex = Dense, strong, heavy, COMPACT (cortical)

Inner medulla = Porous, weaker, lighter, SPONGY (trabecullar/cancellous). May contain bone marrow

17
Q

Fracture Healing

A

Callus of new bone forms a “bridge” over fracture line
Callus remodelling and calcification
Callus is reabsorbed and replaced by bone

18
Q

Bony Features

A

Functional =
Best shape for the job
e.g. Bottom of the humerus

Adjacent Structure =
Bone moulded due to applied force
e.g. Tibial tuberosity or humerus grooves for tendons

Adjacent Structure =
Simultaneously developing
e.g. Foramen in the mandible for cranial nerves

19
Q

Axial Skeleton

A

Middling skeleton =

Skull, neck and trunk bones

20
Q

Appendicular Skeleton

A

Appendages of skeleton =

Limbs and the girdles which attach them

21
Q

Bones of Cranial Vault

Posterior to Anterior ish

A 
Occipital bone
Left and right temporal bone
Left and right parietal bone 
Left and right sphenoid bone
Frontal Bone
22
Q

Bones of Facial Skeleton (Superior to Inferior ish)

A

Left and right nasal bone
Left and right zygoma
Left and right maxilla
Mandible

23
Q

Le Fort Fracture I

A

Horizontal fractures of maxilla

24
Q

Le Fort Fracture II

A

Passes from cavities in the maxilla superomedially across some of the zygoma to the bridge of the nose

25
Q

Le Fort Fracture III

A

Horizontal fracture passes through superior orbital fissures and ethmoid and nasal bones, extending laterally through the greater wings of the sphenoid and the frontozygomatic sutures

26
Q

Features of Vertebrae

A 
x1 Spinous process 
x2 Transverse process
x2 Inferior articular process
x2 Superior articular processes
Vertebral foramen 
Vertebral arch
Vertebral body
27
Q

Spinous Process Function

A

Ligament and muscle attachments

28
Q

Transverse Process Function

A

Ligament, muscle and rib articulations

29
Q

Inferior and Superior Articular Process Function

A

Mobility with adjacent vertebrae via synovial facet joints

30
Q

Vertebral Arch Function

A

Protects the spinal cord

31
Q

Vertebral Foramen Function

A

Transmits and protects the spinal cord

32
Q

C1 - Atlas Difference

A

No body or spinous process

Posteror and anterior arch instead

33
Q

C2 - Axis Difference

A

Odontoid process

Projects superiorly from body

34
Q

C7 Difference

A

Vertebrae prominens

First palpable spinous process

35
Q

True Ribs

A

1-7

Attach to sternum via costal cartilage

36
Q

False Ribs

A

8-10

Attach to sternum via shared costal cartilage

37
Q

Floating Ribs

A

11-12

No attachment to sternum

Principles (13 decks)

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