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general medicine > anatomy basics > Flashcards

anatomy basics Flashcards

1
Q

how many cranial nerves are there?

A

12 pairs

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2
Q

how many spinal nerves are there?

A

31 pairs

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3
Q

how many vertebrae in the cervical spine?

A

C1 - C7

C1 - atlas (has no spinous process)
C2 - axis (dens)

atlanto-axial joint is a pivot synovial joint - permits side to side movement

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4
Q

how many vertebrae in the thoracic spine?

A

T1 -T12

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5
Q

how many vertebrae in the lumbar spine?

A

L1 - L5

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6
Q

how many vertebrae in the sacral region?

A

S1-S5 all fused together

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7
Q

how many vertebrae in the coccyx regions?

A

2-5 fused vertebrae

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8
Q

the axial skeleton consists of….

A

skull, mandible, sternum, ribs, vertebral column, sacrum,

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9
Q

retroperitoneal organs?

SAD PUCKER

A 
S - suprarenal (adrenal) glands
A - aorta/IVC
D - duodenal (seconds & third part)
P - pancreas (except tail)
U - ureters
C - ascending & descending colon
K - kidneys
E - oEsophagus
R - rectum
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10
Q

secondary retroperitoneal organs?

A

Colon ascending and descending

duodenum parts 2-4

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11
Q

intraperitoneal organs

SALTD SPRSS

A 
Stomach
Appendix
Liver
Transverse Colon
Duodenum first part
Small Intestine
Pancreas tail
Rectum upper third
Sigmoid
Spleen
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12
Q

what does ‘secondary’ peritoneal organs mean?

A

they only have perineum on the anterior side

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13
Q

what are the 6 cranial bones?

PEST OF 6

A 
parietal
ethmoid
sphenoid
temporal 
occipital
frontal
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14
Q

name the 4 rotator cuff muscles

SITS

A

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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15
Q

carpal muslces

SLTPTTCH

A 
scaphoid
lunate
triquetrum
pisiform
trapezium 
trapezioid
capitate
hamate
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16
Q

name the tarsal bones

A 
talus
calcaneus
cuneiforms (medial intermediate lateral)
navicular
cuboid
17
Q

three parts of the small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

18
Q

parts of the large intestine

A 
caecum
appendix
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon

(then rectum, anal canal, and anus)

19
Q

what is morrisons pouch?

A

hepatorenal recess

potential space between the right kidney and the liver which can fill with fluid in ascites

20
Q

lowest space in the male pelvis?

A

retro-vesicle pouch

21
Q

spaces in the female pelvis?

A

vesico-uterine pouch

recto-uterine (pouch of douglas) - most inferior

22
Q

region of sympathetic outflow?

A

thoracolumbar (T1-L2) reaches organs via cardiopulmonary/abdominopelvic splachnic nerves

23
Q

region of parasympathetic outflow?

A

cranio-sacral

CN III, VII, IX, X and sacral spinal nerves

24
Q

what are the 5 main nerve modalities?

A

sensory:
- somatic sensory (from body wall)
- visceral afferent (from organs)
motor:
- somatic motor (to body wall/skeletal voluntary muscle)
- sympathetic/parasympathetic (to smooth muscle, glands &organs)

25
Q

the vagus nerve passes ____ of the lung root

and the phrenic nerve passes ____ the lung root.

A

vagus nerve - behind the lung root

phrenic nerve- infront of the lung root

26
Q

the left/right vagus nerve loops under the aorta to give off the ________.

A

left vagus nerve sends a branch off under the aortic arch to become the recurrent laryngeal nerve.

27
Q

what is the difference between type 1 and type 2 respiratory failure?

A

type 1 resp failure- hypoxaemia (without hypercapnia)

type 2 resp failure - hypoxaemia with hypercapnia

28
Q

causes of type 1 respiratory failure?

A 
pneumonia
asthma
PE
pneumothorax
Pulmonary firbosis
29
Q

causes of type 2 respiratory failure?

A

COPD
pulmonary oedema
GBS- weak resp muscles

30
Q

SaO2 targets for normal people and COPD patients?

A

normal: 90-94%
COPD: 88-92%

31
Q

paraneoplastic effect associated with SCLC?

A

SIADH, low Na

32
Q

paraneoplastic effect associated with squamous cell lung cancer?

A

raised PTH, high Ca

general medicine (4 decks)

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