anatomy basics Flashcards

1
Q

what is the difference between anatomy and physiology?

A

anatomy involves the structural components of the body while physiology involves how the parts/systems work together

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2
Q

what is the Greek meaning of “anatomy”?

A

“to cut up”

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3
Q

who is the father of modern anatomy?

A

Andreas Versalius

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4
Q

what is the initial reference point?

A

anatomical position

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5
Q

what is included in the Axial portion of the skeleton?

A

skull, ribs, vertebrae

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6
Q

what is included in the appendicular portion of the skeleton?

A

the arms, legs, pelvis

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7
Q

anterior (ventral)

ex.: ?

A

front part of the body

ex.: stomach

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8
Q

posterior (dorsal)

ex:?

A

back side of the body

ex.: shoulder blades

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9
Q

cranial

Q ex.:which is superior, the nose or the pelvis?

A

superior; closer to the top of the body

A ex.: the nose

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10
Q

caudal

Q. ex.: what is more caudal, the feet or the ribs?

A

inferior; closer to the bottom of the body

A. ex.: the feet

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11
Q

Medial

Q. ex.: what is more medial, the hands or nose?

A

towards the midline

A. ex.: the nose

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12
Q

lateral

Q. ex.: what is more lateral, the ears or the eyes?

A

towards the outside

A. ex.: the ears

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13
Q

proximal

Q. Ex.: what is proximal, the elbow or the hand?

A

superior(limbs)

A. Ex.: the elbow

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14
Q

distal

Q. Ex.: what is more distal, the feet or the pelvis?

A

inferior (limbs)

A. Ex.: the feet

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15
Q

Superficial

Q. Ex.: what is more superficial, the ribs or the lungs?

A

nearer to the surface

A. Ex.: the ribs

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16
Q

Deep

Q. Ex.: what is more deep, the skull or the brain?

A

closer to the core/middle

A. Ex.: the brain

17
Q

Sagittal plane

Exercise:?

A

the plane that divides the left from the right

exercise: lunges, running

18
Q

mid-sagittal plane:

A

the Sagittal plane that is on the midline

19
Q

coronal (frontal) plane

exercise:?

A

separates anterior from posterior

exercise: jumping jacks, lateral raises

20
Q

transverse plane

exercise:?

A

separates the top from the bottom (above the hips)

exercise: twisting, rotations

21
Q

Dorsal cavity includes…

A

cranial and spinal cavity

e.g. brain and spinal cord

22
Q

thoracic cavity includes…

A

esophagus, lungs, heart

23
Q

abdominopelvic cavity includes…

A

abdominal cavity: stomach, liver

pelvic cavity: reproductive organs, bladder

24
Q

what is homeostasis?

A

the body’s ability to maintain its internal environment

25
two examples of homeostasis:
- Sweating | - blood sugar levels (hypothalamus)
26
Negative feedback loop? | example?
when body notices change➡️sends signal to corrective mechanisms➡️corrective mechanisms fix change➡️conditions return to normal and corrective mechanisms turn off ex.: body is too hot. the body sends a message to the sweat glands to produce sweat to cool down. the body begins to cool down.
27
what is metabolism?
the process of how food is turned into fuel.
28
what is anabolism?
the building up of molecules
29
what is catabolism?
the breaking down of molecules.
30
what are 6 ways to speed up one's metabolism?
1. weight training 2. interval training 3. snacking 4. staying hydrated 5. eating spicy foods 6. eating more proteins
31
abduction | adduction
away from the body | toward the body
32
pronation | supination
tilts toward the inside | tilts toward the outside