anatomy basics Flashcards
what is the difference between anatomy and physiology?
anatomy involves the structural components of the body while physiology involves how the parts/systems work together
what is the Greek meaning of “anatomy”?
“to cut up”
who is the father of modern anatomy?
Andreas Versalius
what is the initial reference point?
anatomical position
what is included in the Axial portion of the skeleton?
skull, ribs, vertebrae
what is included in the appendicular portion of the skeleton?
the arms, legs, pelvis
anterior (ventral)
ex.: ?
front part of the body
ex.: stomach
posterior (dorsal)
ex:?
back side of the body
ex.: shoulder blades
cranial
Q ex.:which is superior, the nose or the pelvis?
superior; closer to the top of the body
A ex.: the nose
caudal
Q. ex.: what is more caudal, the feet or the ribs?
inferior; closer to the bottom of the body
A. ex.: the feet
Medial
Q. ex.: what is more medial, the hands or nose?
towards the midline
A. ex.: the nose
lateral
Q. ex.: what is more lateral, the ears or the eyes?
towards the outside
A. ex.: the ears
proximal
Q. Ex.: what is proximal, the elbow or the hand?
superior(limbs)
A. Ex.: the elbow
distal
Q. Ex.: what is more distal, the feet or the pelvis?
inferior (limbs)
A. Ex.: the feet
Superficial
Q. Ex.: what is more superficial, the ribs or the lungs?
nearer to the surface
A. Ex.: the ribs
Deep
Q. Ex.: what is more deep, the skull or the brain?
closer to the core/middle
A. Ex.: the brain
Sagittal plane
Exercise:?
the plane that divides the left from the right
exercise: lunges, running
mid-sagittal plane:
the Sagittal plane that is on the midline
coronal (frontal) plane
exercise:?
separates anterior from posterior
exercise: jumping jacks, lateral raises
transverse plane
exercise:?
separates the top from the bottom (above the hips)
exercise: twisting, rotations
Dorsal cavity includes…
cranial and spinal cavity
e.g. brain and spinal cord
thoracic cavity includes…
esophagus, lungs, heart
abdominopelvic cavity includes…
abdominal cavity: stomach, liver
pelvic cavity: reproductive organs, bladder
what is homeostasis?
the body’s ability to maintain its internal environment
two examples of homeostasis:
- Sweating
- blood sugar levels (hypothalamus)
Negative feedback loop?
example?
when body notices change➡️sends signal to corrective mechanisms➡️corrective mechanisms fix change➡️conditions return to normal and corrective mechanisms turn off
ex.: body is too hot. the body sends a message to the sweat glands to produce sweat to cool down. the body begins to cool down.
what is metabolism?
the process of how food is turned into fuel.
what is anabolism?
the building up of molecules
what is catabolism?
the breaking down of molecules.
what are 6 ways to speed up one’s metabolism?
- weight training
- interval training
- snacking
- staying hydrated
- eating spicy foods
- eating more proteins
abduction
adduction
away from the body
toward the body
pronation
supination
tilts toward the inside
tilts toward the outside
