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Veterinary Anatomy And Physiology > Anatomy Animal > Flashcards

Anatomy Animal Flashcards

1
Q

. Rostral

A

Toward the nose

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2
Q

Caudal

A

Toward the tail

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3
Q

Transverse plane

A

A pleno that divides the craneal porción from the caudal porción or proximal from the distal porción there can be an infinitesimal number of transverse plane.

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4
Q

Cranial

A

Toward the head

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5
Q

Dorsal plane

A

Plane that divided the dorsal part from the ventral part

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6
Q

Ventral

A

Toward the vely or floor

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7
Q

Dorsal

A

Toward the back

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8
Q

The pelvic limb phalanges (toes) are (what direction) __________________________ from the hock (ankle).

A

Distal

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9
Q

An animal is said to be in _________________________ recumbency when lying on its back with the feet towards the ceiling.

A

Dorsal

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10
Q

An animal is said to be in _________________________ recumbency when its sternum is touching the exam table.

A

Sternal recumbency

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11
Q

This element is the primary component of organic molecules.

A

Carbon

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12
Q

A catalyst protein that speeds up a chemical reaction within the body is called:
a. ion

A

Anzyme

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13
Q

Energy created by the breakdown of monosaccharides is stored in a molecule called:

A

Adenosine thiphosphate

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14
Q

__ is 10 to 20 times higher inside the cell, and _______ is 10 to 20 times higher outside the cell.

A

Potassium and sodium

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15
Q

The product of cellular respiration, which acts as the energy currency of the cell, is called____

A

ATP

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16
Q

The passive movement of water through a semi-permeable membrane from a dilute solution to a more concentrated one is called___________________________.

A

Ósmosis

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17
Q

The movement of molecules (oxygen, carbon dioxide) from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called_________________________________.

A

Diffusion

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18
Q

Positively charged ions are called __________________ and negatively charged ions are called __________________.

A

Cation and anions

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19
Q

Name the four primary tissue types found in the body.

A

Epithelial, connective , muscle, nervous

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20
Q

The serous membrane that lines the outer surface of the organs is called the ___________________ layer

and the membrane that lines the cavity wall is called the _________________________ layer.

A

Visceral layer parietal layer

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21
Q

Functions of epithelial cells include:

A

Secreción or excretion bio chemical substances
Filtring biochemica sustances
Providing sensor input

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22
Q

Name the type of cartilage found in the pinnae and epiglottis of animals:

A

Elastic cartilage

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23
Q

Describe what would happen to a red blood cell that is iplaced in a fluid that is hypotonic (osmolality that is less than that of blood).

A

The red blood It would swell by ósmosis until the cell membrane integrista is lost and it brakes open so it would rupture

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24
Q

List the 5 regions of vertebral column in order starting from the cranial.

A

Cervical vertebrae, Lumbar, thoracic, sacrum and coccygeal

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25
Q

The spinal cord exits the skull through the forame magnum found in the occipital bone

A

Yes

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26
Q

The mandíbulas symphysys is ( what directional term) to incisive bone( premaxila)

A

It is looking for ventral

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27
Q

Which of the following is a characteristic of cancellous bone

A

It is colled spongy bone bc it is comprensible and not strong.

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28
Q

Intramembranous bone formación occurs

A

In certain skull bones

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29
Q

Which cell secretes bone matrix and is found in the inner layer of periosteum and the endosteum?

A

The cell is the osteoblast

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30
Q

Growth from epiphyseal plates is responsible for increasing the diameter of long bone?

A

T or F = F

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31
Q

Identify the 2 hormones responsable for calcium homeostasis in the body

A

Calcitonin and parathyroid Hormone ( PTH)

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32
Q

Yellow bone marrow can revert to red bone marrow?

A

True

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33
Q

Name of one bone found in the viceral skeleton

A

In dog os penis
Os cordi ruminant and OS rostri in pigs

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34
Q

Which of following activities requires energy expenditure?

A

Active transport

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35
Q

This plane divides the body into equal right and left halves

A

Median or midsagittal

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36
Q

This type of membrane lines the inside (exposed surface ) of respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracks

A

Mucous

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37
Q

The pelvic symphysis is an example of a synovial join?

A

False

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38
Q

When deporting and animal this structure must be destroyed to prevent further growth

A

Corium

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39
Q

Chestnust are usually buried the long caudal hairs of the fetlock?

A

That is true

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40
Q

Aprocrine sweat glands empty into hair follicle as opposed to directly into the skin?

A

True

41
Q

A hole in bone is called a

A

Foramen bone

42
Q

Name one of the 3 types of specialized connective tissue

A

Cartilage, blood or bone

43
Q

The integument

A

Chapter 6

44
Q

which layer of skin provides to the epidermis

A

dermis

45
Q

this layer consist of a single layer of keratocytes which are firmly attached to the epthelialst

A

stratum germinativum

46
Q

approximately 80% of the dermis consist of this tissue dense irregular connective tissue

A

dense irregular connective tissue

47
Q

these glands are found in the paw pads of many animals

A

eccrine sweat glands

48
Q

these hairs have a large blood sinus in the connective tissue portion of the follicle

A

whiskers

49
Q

sebaceous glands of sheep produce this substance

A

lanolin

50
Q

the following is true about apocrine glands

A

they empty into hair follicles

51
Q

in the cow pig and sheep the lateral dewclaw represents this bone

A

fifth digit

52
Q

the corium of the claw and hoof is characterized by

A

a rich supply of nerves and blood vessels

53
Q

on the underside of the hoof this horny structure is located between the heels

A

frog

54
Q

in adult horned animals the horn is hollow and communicates directly with the

A

frontal sinus

55
Q

when dehorning and animal this structure must be destroyed on the horn to prevent further

A

corium

56
Q

the apex of the horn is stronger and denser than the base?

A

true

57
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Skeletal- voluntary
Smooth- involuntary
Cardiac- involuntary

58
Q

Six types of epithelial tissue

A

squamous, columnar, cuboidal, pseudostratified, transitional, glandular

59
Q

List the cell types that comprise the epidermis and describe the function of each cell types

A

Epidermis: avascular, is a kerantinized sheet of stratified squamous epithelium.
Cell types are keratinocytes, melanocytes, dendritic cells, and tactile. The layers from deep to superficial are stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (found only in thick skin), and stratum corneum.

60
Q

Anatomy

A

Study of form and structure of the body and its parts

61
Q

Physiology

A

The functions of the body and its parts

62
Q

What type of cartilage is found in joints?

A

Hyaline Cartilage

63
Q

Hyaline Cartilage

A

Is the most common type of cartilage
Composes most of the embryonic skeleton – lays the “groundwork” for bone formation

64
Q

What type of cartilage is found in the pinnae?

A

Elastic Cartilage

65
Q

The Elastic cartilage is found

A

Is found in epiglotti of larynx and in the pinnae of ear of animals.

66
Q

Name the other two types of specialized connective tissues.

A

Bone and Blood

67
Q

Bone are made

A

Is the hardest and most rigid type of connective tissue

68
Q

Blood

A

Matrix, Ground substance - plasma
Small amounts of protein

69
Q

Erythrocytes

A

are Red blood cells

70
Q

Leukocyte

A

that is white blood cells

71
Q

What is a type of loose connective and acts as a thermal insulator?

A

ADIPOSE TISSUE

72
Q

ADIPOSE TISSUE

A

prevents heat loss from the body.

73
Q

Name 3 functions of bone

A

Support, protection and leavers

74
Q

Name of 2 type of bone

A

Spongy ( cancellous) compact bone

75
Q

What is the hardest substance in the body?

A

The Enamel

76
Q

What is the of the cells that form bone

A

Endochondral bone formation
Intramembranous bone formation

77
Q

The epipseal plate is also known as the growth plate?

A

True

78
Q

Another name for the shaft of long bone is

A

Diaphysi

79
Q

Name two types of synovial joints?

A

Hinge joins Gliding joints

80
Q

Name the two types of bone marrow

A

Red none marrow
Yellow bone marrow

81
Q

The spherical articular surface on the proximal end of a long bone is colled a condyle

A

False. End in the Spinal of scapula

82
Q

What is the name for the type of bone that are shaped like cube?

A

Short bones

83
Q

What type of bone is a femur

A

Long bone

84
Q

Bone of The skeleton are divided intro 3 categories

A

Axial skeleton
appencula skeleton
visceral skeleton

85
Q

What’s the anatomical name of tibia bone

A

Tibia

86
Q

List the bone of the thoracic limb starting from the most proximal

A

Scapula, humerus, radius ulnar, carpal bone , metacarpus ( proximal, middle and distal phalanges

87
Q

What 3 bones make up the Os coxae

A

Ilium ischium and pubis

88
Q

Which joints contain hyaline cartilage

A

Synovial joint

89
Q

The mandible is connected to the rest of the skull by this type of joint

A

Synovial joint

90
Q

Name of one sesamiod bone

A

The patella

91
Q

List the 4 bone shape and give a bone that is an example of each

A

Long bone: tibia bone
Short bone: tarsal bone
Flat bone: scapula
Irregular bone: sacrum

92
Q

Name the five functions of bone

A

Support , protection, movement
Blood cell formation
Storage

93
Q

What are the 3 cell types that make up bone. What does each do?

A

Osteoblasts- cells that form bone; they are responsible for bone growth
Osteocytes are natural bone cells that maintain the bone matrix. They act as a stress
sensor and occupy the lacunae.
Osteoclasts – cells that are necessary for bone remodeling. Osteoclast withdraws calcium
from the bone when needed to raise calcium levels in the bloodstream

94
Q

Name the two mechanisms of bone formation.

A

Endochondral bone formation (cartilage) Bone grows into or replaces a cartilage model
and is essential during fetal development.
Intramembranous bone formation Only occurs in certain skull Bone. Also, it is an essential process during fetal development.

95
Q

Explain the difference between the periosteum and the endosteum.

A

periosteum is a
membrane that covers the external surface of the bones. In contrast, endosteum is a
membrane as well but covers lines of internal surface of the bones.

96
Q

What hormone removes calcium from the bones when blood calcium levels are low in an effort to prevent hypocalcemia?

A

Parathyroid hormone

97
Q

What is the role of Volkmann’s canals?

A

The role of Volkmann’s canals is to give nutrients to the osteocytes in the Harversian
System.

98
Q

What is a Lacuna?

A

Is a small space or cavity that contains an osteocyte in bone.

Veterinary Anatomy And Physiology (1 decks)

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