Anatomy And Physiology unit 18 Flashcards
Difference between vertebrates and invertebrates
Invertebrates- without a backbone
Vertebrates- with backbone
Three traits that all organisms must have to be in the Animal Kingdom
- Animals made up of cells
- Animals can move about on their own
- Animals get their food from other sources
Know the 3 main classes of animals that man has domesticated
Aves, Osteichthyes, mammalia
Aves examples
Chicken
Turkey
Ducks
Geese
Osteichthyes examples
Trout
Tilapia
Salmon
Baitfish
Mammalia examples
Hogs Cattle Sheep Goat Horses
Cattle of European origin
Bos Taurus
Cattle of Indian origin
Bos Indicus
Hogs
Sus scrofa
Sheep
Ovis Aries
Spanish goat
Capra pyrenaica
Identify 8 life processes
- Getting and using food
- Movement
- Circulation
- Respiration
- Growth and repair
- Secretion
- Sensation
- Reproduction
Getting and using food
Provides nutrients for the animal to carry out normal life processes
Movement
Includes processes that occur internally as well as locomotive
Circulation
Is the moving of blood nutrients oxygen and wastes throughout the body
Respiration
Provides oxygen and nutrients to cells
Growth and repair
Growth is the increasing of the number and size of cells, and repair is the replacing of cells that have been damaged or that no longer function
Secretion
Is the production of liquid substances containing hormones and other material
Sensation
Is the ability for the animal to respond to the environment
reproduction
Is the process by which new members of a species are created
Cell membrane
Regulates what enters and exits the cell
Nucleus
Controls cell activity
Nucleolus
Contains the DNA templates for ribosomal RNA
Golgi body
Part of the cell that produces, sorts, and modifies protein
Mitochondria
Part of the cell that converts food into energy through respiration
Cytoplasm
The living material inside the cell
Lysosomes
Saclike cellular organelle that contains various enzymes
ER
Functions in the transport of materials within the cell
Ribosomes
Any of the RNA-rich cytoplasmic granules that are sites of protein synthesis
Mitosis
Growth and repair
Meiosis
Sexual reproduction
Epithelial tissue
Covers the body surfaces and lines the body cavities. Main organ system of epithelial tissue is the skin
Connective tissue
Holds and supports body parts
Muscular tissue
Creates movements of the body parts
Nervous tissue
Responds to stimuli and transmits nerve impulses
Anatomy
Study of the outside of the animal (form shape and appearance)
Physiology
The study of the inside of the animal (cells tissues organs and systems of an organism
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain a relative stable internal environment
Two major kinds of bones
Compact and cancellous
Short bones
Cube shaped. Make up small carpal and tarsal bones
Flat bones
Two layers of compact bone with a layer of cancellous bone between. Flat bones make up much of the skull
Ribs
Irregular bones
Complex bones with varying shapes
Vertebrae and facial bones
Sesame bone
Is a small and embedded in the tendon of animals
This bone is about the size of a sesame seed
Long bone
Are the bones that are longer than they are wide. Examples of these bones are in the leg arms ribs hands and feet. Long bones are divided into the diaphysis and the epiphysis
Epiphysis
The enlarged ends of the bone
Diaphysis
Shank portion of the bone
Metaphysis
Are where epiphysis and diaphysis join together
Periosteum
Is the fibrous covering around the bone and is the attachment site for ligaments and tendons
Medullary cavity
Is the hallow are of the bone
Endosteum
The lining of the medullary cavity
Marrow
The fibrous tissue of the medullary cavity and is the site of blood cell formation
Cortex
Is the compact bone surrounding the medullary cavity
Muscular system
Acquires material and energy as it creates body movement, maintains posture, supports the body and produces heat
Skeletal system
Provides the framework for the body. Major components are the bones and cartilage
Digestive system
Is a long hallow tube that runs from the mouth to the anus of an animal and it breaks food into smaller parts that are used by the body
Respiratory system
Is involved with the exchange of gasses, mainly oxygen and carbon dioxide. It also maintains blood ph by expelling CO2
Circulatory system
The system moves nutrients, oxygen and metabolic wastes throughout the body
Excretory system
Is the system responsible for ridding the body of waste products
Lymphatic system
Circulates a clear fluid through the body to protect the body from disease. The system also transports excess tissue fluid to the blood and helps provide immunity against diseases.
Nervous system
Helps to coordinate body activities. It also regulates other systems and controls learning and memory.
Integumentary system
The skin- first line of defense from outside dangers and helps regulate the body temperature
Reproductive system
Is for the production of offspring from the same species
Epidermis
The outer layer of skin
Dermis
Middle layer of skin
Subcutaneous tissue
The innermost layer of skin and is the thickest layer of skin
Muscular system organ
Muscles
Skeletal system organ
Bones
Digestive system organ
Stomach, intestine, or the tube from the mouth to the anus
Respiratory system organ
Lungs
Circulatory system organ
Heart
Excretory system organ
Bladder
Lymphatic system organ
Lymph nodes
Nervous system organ
Brain
Integumentary system organ
Skin
Reproductive system organ
Ovaries
5 senses
Sight Smell Touch Taste Hearing
Two main types of digestive system
Ruminant- more than one stomach
Monogastric- one stomach
Ruminant examples
Cattle Sheep Deer Camel Elk Moose
Monogastric example
Horse
Pigs
Chicken
Human
Omasum
No known function
Abomasum
True stomach
Rumen
Largest section and is a fermentation/mixing vat
Reticulum
It has many folds, resembles a honeycomb pattern, and initiated regurgitation
