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Dysphagia > Anatomy and Physiology of the Swallowing Mechanism > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of the Swallowing Mechanism Flashcards

1
Q

responsible for bolus containment and preparation

A

Oral cavity

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2
Q

propulsion and velopharyngeal function

A

Oropharynx

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3
Q

muscular propulsion in pharynx

A

hypopharynx

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4
Q

esophageal opening and peristaltic wave

A

esophagus

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5
Q

central nervous system consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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6
Q

peripheral nervous system consists of

A
  • nerves from the brain stem and spinal cord

- certain ganglia outside of spinal cord

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7
Q

these cranial nerves are both motor and sensory

A

CN IX and CN X

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8
Q

functional components of the oral cavity

A
  • containment: cheeks
  • bolus preparation: lips, teeth, tongue
  • gingival and buccal gutters
  • soft palate
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9
Q

functional components of the oropharynx

A

-oropharyngeal propulsion
-soft palate, lateral pharyngeal walls, base
of tongue
- velopharyngeal function
-soft palate
- tongue elevation

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10
Q

functional components of the hypopharynx

A
  • muscular propulsion
    • pharyngeal constrictors
    • piriform sinuses
    • cricopharyngeal function
  • larynx
    • closure: glottis
    • pharyngeal squeeze
    • hyoid elevation
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11
Q

functional components of the esophagus

A
  • upper esophageal opening
  • primary peristaltic wave
  • secondary peristaltic wave
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12
Q

true or false: the muscles attach to the structures above and below the oral cavity

A

true

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13
Q

the muscles of the head, neck, and face act as

A

sphincters: closing and opening (mouth and eyes)

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14
Q

Muscle: levator labii superioris
Action?
Innervation

A

Action: raises upper lip
Innervation: VII Facial Nerve

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15
Q

Muscle: depressor labii inferiors
Action?
Innervation?

A

Action: lowers lower lip
Innervation: VII facial nerve

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16
Q

Muscle: depressor anguli oris
Action?
Innervation?

A

Action: aids in opening the mouth
Innervation: VII facial nerve

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17
Q

Muscle: buccinator
Action?
Innervation?

A

Action: presses cheeks against teeth. In mastication, keeps food between teeth and away from cheeks
Innervation: VII facial nerve

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18
Q

Muscle: mentalis
Action?
Innervation?

A

Action: acts to lift lower lip & pulls chin upward
Innervation: VII facial nerve

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19
Q

Muscle: Platysma
Action?
Innervation?

A

Action: depresses mandible & helps to retract lower lip
Innervation: VII facial nerve

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20
Q

oral portion of the tongue is innervated by what cranial nerve? Under voluntary or involuntary control?

A

hypoglossal (CN XII)

under voluntary control

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21
Q

base of the tongue is innvervated by

through the muscle

A

vagus (CN X)

glossopharyngeal

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22
Q

Sensory taste receptors are located where?

A

oral portion and base of tongue

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23
Q

What two things impact the speed and accuracy of swallowing?

A

Gender and age

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24
Q

Volumes of the larynx and hypopharynx increase or decrease as individuals age?

A

decrease

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25
What occurs in the oral cavity?
- gathers food and liquids - prepares bolus for transit - mixes foods with saliva - buccinators and orbicularis oris seal the lips - tongue positions the food - tongue propels the food-helps to avoid pocketing in the cheeks
26
What provides the driving force to propel the bolus?
Tongue
27
Extrinsic muscles include:
Genioglossus Hypoglossus Styloglossus Palatoglossus
28
Genioglossus action and innvervation
- depresses tongue & moves tongue anteriorly | - hypoglossal CN XII
29
Hypoglossus action and innervation
- depresses tongue & decreases sides of tongue | - hypoglossal CN XII
30
Styloglossus action and innervation
- elevates tongue & retracts tongue | - hypoglossal CN XII
31
Palatoglossus action and innvervation
- elevates posterior tongue & lower soft palate | - pharyngeal plexus axons from CN X
32
Intrinsic muscles include:
transverse vertical longitudinal geniohyoid
33
Transverse action and innvervation
- elongates and narrows tongue | - hypoglossal CN XII
34
Vertical action and innervation
- flattens and widens tongue | - hypoglossal CN XII
35
Longitudinal action and innervation
- elevates tip of tongue & depresses apex and sides of tongue - hypoglossal CN XII
36
Geniohyoid action and innvervation
- elevates hyoid bone and tongue & lowers mandible | - cervical spine C1
37
The maxilla is the portion of the jaw.
fixed
38
The mandible is the portion of the haw.
moving
39
The mandible and maxilla consist of bones that form....
-lower portion of the anterior face and provide framework for the mouth
40
The suprahyoid muscles are responsible for
elevating the hyoid bone
41
The infrahyoid muscles do what?
act to anchor or lower the hyoid bone and elevate thyroid cartilage
42
True or false: the masseter muscle is considered the strongest muscle in the body.
true
43
Muscles of the mandible and neck include:
masseter temoralis lateral pterygoid medial pterygoid
44
Masster action and innervation
- elevates mandible & closes mouth | - trigeminal CN V
45
temporalis action and innervation
- retracts mandible & aids in mouth closing | - trigeminal CN V
46
lateral pterygoid action and innervation
- lateral motion of mandible & depresses mandible, opens mouth - trigeminal CN V
47
medial pterygoid action and innervation
- lateral motion of mandible & pushes mandible forward | - trigeminal CN V
48
Mandible: suprahyoid muscles include
mylohyoid stylohyoid digastric
49
mylohyoid action and innervation
- elevates hyoid bone & aids in depressing mandible | - trigeminal CN V
50
stylohyoid action and innervation
- moves hyoid bone posteriorly & elevates hyoid bone | - facial CN VII
51
digastric action and innervation
- elevates hyoid bone & depresses mandible | - trigeminal CN V & facial CN VII
52
Mandible infrahyoid muscles include:
omohyoid sternohyoid sternothyroid thyrohyoid
53
Omohyoid action and innervation
- lower hyoid bone | - branches of spinal nerves C 1-3
54
sternohyoid action and innervation
- aids in lowering hyoid bone | - branches of spinal nerves C 1-3
55
sternothyroid action and innervation
- lowers thyroid cartilage | - branches of spinal nerves C 1-3
56
thyrohyoid action and innervation
- lowers hyoid bone and aids in elevating thyroid | - Branches of spinal nerves C 1-3 and hypoglossal CN XII
57
The pharynx is divided into 3 sections:
- nasopharynx - oropharynx - laryngopharynx
58
muscles of the pharynx include:
``` superior constrictor middle constrictor inferior constrictor salpingopharyngeus stylopharyngeaus palatopharyngeus ```
59
superior constrictor action and innervation
- constricts upper pharynx | - pharyngeal plexus CN X
60
middle constrictor action and innervation
- constrict upper pharynx | - pharyngeal plexus CN X
61
inferior constrictor action and innervation
- part of esophageal sphincter constricts | - pharyngeal plexus CN X
62
salpingopharyngeus action and innervation
- elevates pharynx | - pharyngeal plexus CN X
63
stylopharyngeus action and innervation
- elevates pharynx | - glossopharyngeal CN IX
64
palatopharyngeus action and innervation
- elevates pharynx and larynx | - pharyngeal plexus CN X
65
the cricopharyngeus forms entrance to....
esophagus
66
the cricopharyngeus maintains contraction during respiration and relaxes during... allows to elevate and food to pass
swallowing | larynx
67
often considered the main organ of swallowing
larynx
68
for swallowing the larynx does what?
-elevates, moves anteriorly, vocal folds close (all three must be coordinated for normal swallow)
69
Once the bolus passes the anterior faucial pillars, the pharyngeal transport of the bolus is under involuntary control although increases in pressure may voluntarily take place. true or false
true
70
tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach
esophagus
71
the esophagus begins at what muscle?
cricopharyngeus
72
what waves move food to the stomach?
peristaltic
73
Normal swallowing: traditional description of the 4 phases...
- oral preparatory - oral - pharyngeal - esophageal
74
Phases of the swallow overlap and require integration of the phases: true or false
true
75
events in a normal swallow are initiated in this approximate order...
``` apnea onset oral bolus transport hyoid excursion maximum laryngeal closure PES opening maximum hyoid excursion laryngeal opening swallowing inspiration apnea onset hyoid return ```

Dysphagia (1 decks)

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