ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM Flashcards
THE PHARYNX
LENGTH OF TUBE?
WHERE DOES IT CONDUCT AIR?
4-5 INCHES
NASAL CAVITY TO THE LARYNX
TONSILS AND ADENOIDS:
- LOCATION OF PALATINE TONSILS =?
- LOCATION OF PHARYNGEAL TONSILS?
- LOCATION OF LINGUAL TONSILS?
- ALONG ANTEROLATERAL WALLS OF THE OROPHARYNX…AKA TONSILS
- ADENOIDS THAT ARE EMBEDDED IN THE POSTERIOR WALL OF THE NASOPHARYNX.
- GUARD BASE OF TONGUE
THE LARYNX–1
- EPIGLOTTIS SHAPE?
- FUNCTION WHEN FOOD IS SWALLOWED?
- A LEAF SHAPED FLAP THAT PROJECTS OBLIQUELY FROM THE TOP OF LARYNX.
- BLOCKS FOOD FROM ENTERING LARYNX AND SENDS IT TO ESOPHAGUS
THE LARYNX–2
GLOTTIS FUNCTION?
IT ALLOWS AIR TO FREELY ENTER AND LEAVE THE TRACHEA AND LUNGS.
TRACHEA AND BRONCHI
- TRACHEA LOCATION =?
- TRACHEA FUNCTION = ?
- 4-5 INCH VERITICAL TUBE THAT RUNS THROUGH NECK AND CHEST ANTERIOR TO THE ESOPHAGUS.
- CONDUCTS AIR BETWEEN LARYNX AND PRIMARY BRONCHI.
WHICH LUNG IS SHORTER?
WHICH LUNG HAS LESS VOLUME?
WHAT SHAPE?
THE RIGHT LUNG
LEFT LUNG DUE TO HEART TAKING UP SPACE
CONE SHAPED
A DOUBLE-WALLED, FLUID-FILLED SAC CALLED A _______ ENVELOPS EACH LUNG AND AIDS IN THE ____________ PROCESS.
PLEURA
VENTILATION
TYPES OF LUNG SURFACES
- _________________ = ANTERIOR, LATERAL AND POSTERIOR TO LUNG
- ________________- = BETWEEN THE LUNGS
- _________________= INNER MEMBRANE
- ________ ________ = THE OUTER MEMBRANE
- _______ _________= SEPARATES BOTH WITH FLUID
- COSTAL SURFACES
- MEDIASTINUM
- VISCERAL PLEURA
- PARIETAL PLEURA
- PLEURAL CAVITY
FROM THE ________ BRONCHI, AIR IS CONDUCTED TO AND FROM THE __________.
TERTIARY
ALVEOLI (AIR SACS)
PULMONARY VENTILATION
A REDUCED VOLUME = LUNGS UNABLE TO FULLY EXPAND.
SPIROMETRY
- WHAT IS IT?
- WHY PERFORM?
- MEASURES THE RATE AND VOLUME OF PULMONARY AIR FLOW.
2. A REDUCED RATE OF AIR FLOW INDICATES A BLOCKAGE IN ONE OR MORE OF THE AIRWAYS.
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
HOW TO PERFORM FVC6???
BREATH IN MAX, BREATH OUT MAX FOR 6 SECONDS
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
HOW TO PERFORM FEV1?
VOLUME OF AIR FORCED OUT IN 1 SECOND.
PULMONARY FUNCTION TESTS
HOW TO PERFORM RATION %?
SHOULD BE 75% OR HIGHER
FEV1/FVC
TRANSPORT AND EXCHANGE—HEMOGLOBIN–1
_____ _______–MAKES UP HEMOGLOBIN. EACH SUBUNIT IS A LARGE, FOLDED, POLYPEPTIDE CALLED GLOBIN.
ALPHA SUBUNITS
TRANSPORT AND EXCHANGE—HEMOGLOBIN–2
_____ _______–MAKES UP HEMOGLOBIN. EACH SUBUNIT IS A LARGE, FOLDED, POLYPEPTIDE CALLED GLOBIN.
BETA SUBUNITS
TRANSPORT AND EXCHANGE—HEMOGLOBIN–3
______ ________–A HYDROPHOBIC POCKET BETWEEN TWO OF THE GLOBIN FOLDS.
HEME GROUP
TRANSPORT AND EXCHANGE—HEMOGLOBIN–4
________ __________–THIS IS PART OF THE HEME GROUP THAT HAS A PORPHYRIN RING
FERROUS IRON
TRANSPORT AND EXCHANGE—HEMOGLOBIN–5
_________ _______–WHEN NOT BONDED TO O2 = DEOXYHEMOGLOBIN = _________________
TENSED STATE
CONFIRMATION
TRANSPORT AND EXCHANGE—HEMOGLOBIN–6
______ _________–ONCE AN O2 ATTACHES TO OXYHEMOGLOBIN = EASIER FOR MORE O2 TO ATTACH = ___________________
RELAXED STATE
COOPERATIVITY
THE OXY-HEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE—SATURATION
AS THE O2 APPROACHES _____ TORR(OR mmHG), THE HEMOGLOBIN MOLECULES BECOME NEARLY FULLY SATURATED.
100
THE OXY-HEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION CURVE–SHAPE
THE O2-HB RELATIONSHIP IS __________ IN SHAPE AND NOT_________
SIGMOIDAL
LINEAR
HOW PH AFFECTS OXY-HEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION
NORMAL PH= ??
7.4
HOW PH AFFECTS OXY-HEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION
ACIDIC PH–A LOW BLOOD PLASMA OF ____ CAUSES THE CURVE TO SHIFT TO THE _______ ABOUT 15% NORMAL.
7.2
RIGHT
HOW PH AFFECTS OXY-HEMOGLOBIN DISSOCIATION
BASIC PH “__________”–BLOOD PLASMA PH OF ______ CAUSES THE O2-HB SATURATION CURVE TO SHIFT ABOUT 15% THE LEFT OF NORMAL.
ALKALINE
7.6
MYOGLOBIN–HOW IS IT DIFFERENT THAN HEMOGLOBIN??
IT IS A STRUCTURALLY COMPLEX MOLECULE THAT BINDS AND STORES OXYGEN INSIDE OF _________ AND __________ MUSCLE CELLS. A LARGE COILED ___________ CALLED GLOBIN MAKES UP MOST OF THE MOLECULE. __________________ FLOATS THROUGHOUT THE BODY TO PROVIDE O2 VIA RBC’S.
SKELETAL
CARDIAC
POLYPEPTIDE
HEMOGLOBIN
