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NPTE Study Guide > Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of the Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

Convolutions of gray matter composed of gyri (crests) and sulci (fissures)

A

Cerebral Hemispheres (Telencephalon)

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2
Q

Separates temporal lobe from frontal and parietal lobes

A

Lateral central fissure (Fissure of Sylvius)

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3
Q

Separates the two cerebral hemispheres

A

Longitudinal Cerebral Fissure

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4
Q

Separates the Frontal lobe from the Parietal lobe

A

Central Sulcus

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5
Q

What are the 6 lobes of the cerebral hemisphere

A
  1. Frontal Lobe
  2. Parietal Lobe
  3. Temporal Lobe
  4. Occipital Lobe
  5. Limbic Lobe
  6. Insular Lobe
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6
Q

Primary motor cortex for voluntary muscle activation

A

Frontal Lobe - Precentral Gyrus

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7
Q

This region controls emotions and judgements

A

Frontal Lobe - Prefrontal Cortex

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8
Q

This region controls motor aspects of speech

A

Frontal Lobe - Broca’s area

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9
Q

This region is the primary sensory cortex for integration of sensation.

A

Parietal Lobe - Postcentral Gyrus

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10
Q

This region receives fibers conveying touch, proprioception, pain, and temperature sensations from the opposite side of the body.

A

Parietal Lobe - Postcentral Gyrus

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11
Q

This region receives and processes auditory stimuli

A

Temporal Lobe - Primary Auditory Cortex

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12
Q

this region processes auditory stimuli

A

Temporal Lobe - Associative Auditory Cortex

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13
Q

This area is responsible for Language Comprehension

A

Temporal Lobe - Wenicke’s area

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14
Q

This region receives and processes visual stimuli

A

Occipital Lobe - Primary Visual Cortex

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15
Q

This region processes visual stimuli

A

Occipital Lobe - Visual Association Cortex

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16
Q

This region is deep within the lateral sulcus, and is associated with visceral functions.

A

Insula

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17
Q

This region consists of the limbic lobe, hipocampal formation, amygdaloid nucleus, hypothalamus, and anterior nucleus of thalamus

A

Limbic System

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18
Q

The Limbic system is comprised of what regions?

A
  1. Limbic Lobe
  2. Hippocampal Formation
  3. Amygdaloid Nucleus
  4. Hypothalamus
  5. Anterior Nucleus of Thalamus
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19
Q

This is phylogenetically the oldest part of the brain

A

Limbic System

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20
Q

This region of the brain is concerned with instincts and emotions contributing to preservation of the individual

A

Limbic System

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21
Q

What are the 4 basic functions of the limbic system?

A
  1. Feeding
  2. Aggression
  3. Emotions
  4. Endocrine Aspects of Sexual Response
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22
Q

These are myelinated nerve fibers located centrally within the brain.

A

White Matter

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23
Q

These fibers interconnect the two hemispheres, including the corpus callosum (largest region), anterior commissure, and hippocampal commissure.

A

Transverse Commissural Fibers

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24
Q

These fibers connect cerebral hemispheres with other portions of the brain and spinal cord

A

Projection Fibers

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25
Q

These fibers connect different portions of the cerebral hemispheres, allowing cortex to function as an integrated whole.

A

Association Fibers

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26
Q

___________ is a collection of masses of gray matter deep within the cerebral hemisphers

A

Basal Ganglia

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27
Q

What are the internal structures of the Basal Ganglia? (4)

A
  1. Striatum (Caudate Nucleus, Nucleus Accumebens, Putamen)
  2. Globus Pallidus (External/Internal Segments)
  3. Sub-thalamic Nucleus
  4. Substantia Nigra (Compact and Reticular Parts)
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28
Q

The term Lenticular Nucleus refers to the ___________ and ___________

A
  1. Putamen

2. Globus Pallidus

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29
Q

The Basal Ganglia forms an associated motor system (extrapyramidal cells) with other nuclei in the ___________ and the ___________

A
  1. Sub-thalamus

2. Midbrain

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30
Q

Multiple circuits exist in the basal ganglia, what are the 3 main ones?

A
  1. Oculomotor Circuit (Caudate Loop)
  2. Motor Loop (Putamen Loop)
  3. Limbic Circuit
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31
Q

This circuit in the basal ganglia originates in the frontal and supplementary motor eye fields.

A

Oculomotor Circuit (Caudate Loop)

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32
Q

This circuit in the basal ganglia functions with saccadic eye movements

A

Oculomotor Circuit (Caudate Loop)

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33
Q

This circuit in the basal ganglia originates in the precentral motor and postcentral somatosensory areas.

A

Motor Loop (Putamen Loop)

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34
Q

What is the function of the Motor Loop (Putamen Loop) in the basal Ganglia?

A
  1. Excits putamen neurons
  2. Putamen cells inhibit Globus Pallidus neurons
  3. Boosts activity in the ventral lateral nucleus and supplementary motor area
  4. Functions to scale amplitude and velocity of movements
  5. Reinforces selected pattern
  6. Suppresses conflicting patterns
  7. Preparatory for movement (i.e. motor set, anticipatory movement)
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35
Q

This circuit in the basal ganglia originates in the prefrontal and limbic areas of the cortex, to the basal ganglia, to the prefrontal cortex.

A

Limbic Circuit

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36
Q

What is the function of the limbic circuit in the basal ganglia?

A
  1. Functions to organize behaviors (executive functions, problem solving, motivation)
  2. Procedural Learning
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37
Q

The Diencephalon is comprised of what (4) regions?

A
  1. Thalamus
  2. Sub-thalamus
  3. Hypothalamus
  4. Epithalamus
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38
Q

What are the 3 regions of the Thalamus in the Diencephalon?

A
  1. Sensory Nuclei
  2. Motor Nuclei
  3. Other Nuclei
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39
Q

What is the function of the sensory nuclei within the thalamus of the diencephalon?

A

Integrate and relay sensory information from the
1. Body
2. Face
3. Reina
4. Cochlea
5. Taste Receptors
to the cerebral cortex and subcortical regions

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40
Q

What is the function of the motor nuclei within the thalamus of the diencephalon?

A

Relay motor information from the Cerebellum and globus pallidus to precentral motor cortex

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41
Q

What is the function of the other nuclei within the thalamus in of the diencephalon?

A

Assist in integration of visceral and somatic functions

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42
Q

This region of the Diencephalon is involved in control of several functional pathways for sensory, motor and reticular functions.

A

Subthalamus

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43
Q

This region of the Diencephalon integrates and controls the function of the Autonomic nervous system and the Neuroendrocine system

A

Hypothalamus

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44
Q

This region of the Diencephalon regulates body temp. eating, water balance, anterior pituitary function, sexual behavior, and emotions

A

Hypothalamus

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45
Q

What are the two important regions o the epithalamus?

A
  1. Habenular Nuclei

2. Pineal Gland

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46
Q

This region of the epithalamus integrates olfactory, visceral, and somatic afferent pathways

A

Habenular Nuclei

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47
Q

This region of the epithalamus secretes hormones that influence the pituitary gland and several other organs

A

Pineal Gland

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48
Q

This midbrain is also known as the ___________

A

Mesencephalon

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49
Q

The midbrain connects the ___________ to the ___________

A

Pons to the Cerebellum

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50
Q

The ___________ connects the midbrain to the cerebellum

A

Superior Peduncle

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51
Q

The midbrain contains ___________ ___________, two lateral halves, each divided into an anterior part and a posterior part

A

Cerebral Peduncles

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52
Q

The midbrain contains cerebral peduncles, two lateral halves, each divided into an anterior part of basis (___________ and ___________) and a posterior part (___________)

A

Anterior Part - Crus Cerebri & Substantia Nigra

Posterior Part - Tegmentum

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53
Q

The tegmentum of the midbrain, which is the posterior part, contains all the ___________ and ___________

A

Ascending tracts

some descending tracts

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54
Q

The tegmentum of the midbrain contains all ascending tracts and some descending tracts, the ___________ receives fibers from the cerebellum.

A

Red Nucleus

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55
Q

The tegmentum of the midbrain contains all ascending tracts and some descending tracts, the red nucleus receives fibers from the cerebellum. The Tegmentum is also the origin for the _________ tract

A

Rubrospinal tract

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56
Q

The rubrospinal tract, found in the midbrain of the tegmentum along the posterior aspect is responsible for ____________?

A

Coordination

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57
Q

What cranial nerve nuclei are found along the tegmentum of the midbrain?

A

III Oculomotor 3

IV Trochlear 4

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58
Q

The __________ in the midbrain of the brainstem is a large motor nucleus connecting with the basal ganglia and the cortex.

A

Substantia Nigra

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59
Q

The Substantia Nigra in the midbrain of the brainstem is a large motor nucleus connecting with the ___________ and ___________

A

Basal Ganglia

Cortex

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60
Q

the Substantia Nigra is important for what function(s)?

A

Motor Control

Muscle Tone

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61
Q

Within the midbrain, ___________ is an important relay station for vision and visual reflexes.

A

Superior Colliculus

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62
Q

Within the midbrain, ____________ is an important relay station for hearing and auditory reflexes.

A

Inferior Colliculus

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63
Q

This region within the midbrain contains endorphin-producing cells, (important for the suppression of pain) and descending autonomic tracts.

A

Periaqueductal Gray

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64
Q

The periaqueductal gray contains endorphin-producing cells that are important for the …

A

Suppression of pain

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65
Q

What are the 3 regions of the brainstem?

A
  1. Midbrain
  2. Pons
  3. Medulla Oblongata
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66
Q

This region of the brainstem connects the medulla oblongata to the midbrain, allowing for passage of important ascending and descending tracts

A

Pons

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67
Q

Within the brainstem, the pons _____________ acts as a bridge to the cerebellum through the middle cerebellar peduncle.

A

Anterior Basal Part

68
Q

The anterior basal part of the Pons acts as a bridge to the cerebellum through the _____________

A

Middle Cerebellar Peduncle

69
Q

This region within the pons project widely and are important for modulating pain and controlling arousal

A

Midline Raphe Nuclei

70
Q

The tegmentum (posterior Part) of the pons contains several important cranial nerves which are…

A

VI Abducens 6
V Trigeminal 5
VII Facial 7
VIII Vestibulochochlear 8

71
Q

This region of the brainstem connects the pons to the spinal cord

A

Medulla Oblongata

72
Q

The Medulla Oblongata contains relay nuclei of dorsal columns (Gracilis and Cuneatus). These fibers cross to give rise to the ____________

A

Medial Lemniscus

73
Q

The inferior cerebellar peduncles are found in which region of the brainstem?

A

Medulla Oblongata

74
Q

The inferior cerebellar peduncles in the medulla oblongata relay ____________ tracts to the cerebellum

A

Dorsal Spinocerebellar tracts

75
Q

Where do the corticospinal tracts cross (decussate)?

A

Medulla Oblongata - Pyramids

76
Q

____________ arise from the vestibular nuclei and extend throughout the brainstem and upper cervical spinal cord.

A

Medial longitudinal fasciculus

77
Q

The medial longitudinal fasciculus arises from the ____________ and extends throughout the brainstem and ____________

A
  1. Vestibular Nuclei

2. Brainstem and Upper Cervical Spinal Cord

78
Q

The medial longitudinal fasciculus is important for the control of ____________ and ____________

A
  1. Head Movement

2. Gaze Stabilization (Vestibular-Ocular Reflex)

79
Q

____________ complex connects cerebellum to brainstem and is important for voluntary movements

A

Olivary Nuclear Complex

80
Q

The olivary nuclear complex is located within which region of the brainstem?

A

Medulla Oblongata

Connects cerebellum to brainstem

81
Q

This region within the medulla oblongata is important for control of voluntary movement

A

Olivary Nuclear Complex

82
Q

What are the important cranial nerve nuclei found within the medulla oblongata?

A
  1. Hypoglossal Nuclei
  2. Dorsal Nucleus of Vagus Nerve Nuclei
  3. Vestibulochochlear Nuclei
83
Q

The medulla oblongata is an important center for regulation of what bodily functions?

A
  1. Vital Function
  2. Cardiac
  3. Respiratory
  4. Vasomotor Centers
84
Q

This region of the brain is located behind the dorsal ons and medulla in the posterior fossa

A

Cerebellum

85
Q

The cerebellum is joined to the brainstem by what?

A

Pairs of Peduncles

  1. Superior Peduncle
  2. Middle Peduncle
  3. Inferior Peduncle
86
Q

The cerebellum is comprised of 2 hemispheres with a midline ____________

A

Midline Vermis

2 Cerebral Hemishperes

87
Q

What are the components of the Cerebellum? (5)

A
  1. Two Hemispheres
  2. Midline Vermis
  3. Cerebellar Cortex
  4. Underlying White Matter
  5. Four Paired Deep Nuclei
88
Q

This region within the cerebellum connects with vestibular system and is concerned with equilibrium and regulation of muscle tone.

A

Archicerebellum (Flocculonodular Lobe)

89
Q

This region within the cerebellum helps coordinate vestibulo-ocular reflex

A

Archicerebellum

90
Q

This region of the cerebellum receives input from proprioceptive pathways and is concerned with modifying muscle tone and synergistic actions of muscles

A

Paleocerebellum

AKA Rostral Cerebellum, Anterior Lobe, Spinocerebellum)

91
Q

This region within the cerebellum is important in maintenance of posture and voluntary movement control

A

Paleocerebellum
Rostral Cerebellum
Anterior Lobe of Cerebellum
Spinocerebellum

92
Q

This region within the cerebellum receives input from the corticopontocerebellar tracts and olivocerebellar fibers.

A

Neocerebellum
Cerebellar Hemisphere
Posterior Lobe
Pontocerebellum

93
Q

This region within the cerebellum is concerned with smooth coordination fo voluntary movements, ensures accurate force, direction, and extent of movement.

A

Neocerebellum
Cerebellar Hemisphere
Posterior Lobe
Pontocerebellum

94
Q

This region of the cerebellum is important for motor learning, sequencing of movements, and visually triggered movements

A

Neocerebellum
Cerebellar Hemisphere
Posterior Lobe
Pontocerebellum

95
Q

This portion of the cerebellum may have a role in assisting cognitive function and mental imagery

A

Neocerebellum
Cerebellar Hemisphere
Posterior Lobe
Pontocerebellum

96
Q

The central nervous system is comprised of (2)?

A

Brain

Spinal Cord

97
Q

The peripheral nervous system is comprised of (2)?

A

Cranial Nerves

Spinal Nerves

98
Q

The spinal cord is a cylindrical mass of nerve tissue extending from the ______________ in the skull continuous within the medulla to the lower border of the first lumbar vertebrae in the _________

A
  1. Foramen Magnum

2. Conus Medullaris

99
Q

The Spinal Cord is divided into how many segments

A 
30 segments
8 cervical
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
5 sacral
Few coccygeal segments
100
Q

Within the spinal cord, where is the gray matter and white matter located?

A

White Matter Exterior

Gray Matter Interior

101
Q

Within the Brain, where is gray matter and white matter located?

A

White Matter Interior

Gray Matter Exterior

102
Q

The central gray matter of the spinal cord has two anterior (ventral) and two posterior (dorsal) horns united by _____________

A

Gray Commissure fibers within central canal

103
Q

Anterior horns in the spinal cord contain cell bodies that give rise to ________ motor neurons

A

Efferent Motor Neurons

104
Q

Efferent motor neurons in the anterior horn of the spinal cord are comprised of what two neurons?

A
  1. Alpha Motor Neurons

2. Gamma Motor Neurons

105
Q

Alpha motor neurons in the efferent portion of the anterior horn control what?

A

Affects muscles

106
Q

Gamma motor neurons within the efferent portion of the anterior horn control what?

A

Affect muscle spindles

107
Q

Posterior horns in the spinal cord contain what type of neurons?

A

Afferent Sensory Neurons

108
Q

In the posterior horn of the spinal cord, Afferent sensory neurons contain cell bodies located in the ____________

A

Dorsal Root Ganglion

109
Q

Where are the two enlargements within the spinal cord for origins of nerves of upper and lower extremity?

A

Cervical

Lumbosacral

110
Q

The _________ horn is found in the thoracic and upper lumbar segments for preganglionic fibers of the autonomical nervous system

A

Lateral Horn

111
Q

The lateral horn is found in the thoracic and upper lumbar segments for what?

A

Preganglionic fibers of the autonomic nervous system

112
Q

This type of matter in the spinal cord is found anterior (ventral), lateral, and posterior (dorsal) white column or funiculi

A

White Matter

113
Q

This column convey’s sensation of proprioception, vibration and tactile discrimination

A

Dorsal Columns

Medial Lemniscal System

114
Q

The Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscal system is divided into two tracts. What are these two regions called?

A 
Fasiculus Cuneatus (Upper Extremity Tracts, Laterally Located)
Fasiculus Gracilis (Lower Extremity Tracts, Medially Located)
115
Q

Fasiculus Cuneatus is responsible for what region and where is it located in the spinal tract?

A

Dorsal Column, Medial Lemniscus System

  • Upper Extremity Tracts
  • Laterally Located
116
Q

Fasiculus Gracilis is responsible for what region and where is it located in the spinal tract?

A

Dorsal Column, Medial Lemniscus System

  • Lower Extremity Tracts
  • Medially Located
117
Q

Neurons from the Dorsal Column ascend to the _______, where fibers cross to form the ____________

A
  1. Medulla

2. Medial Lemniscus

118
Q

Neurons from the Dorsal Column ascend to the Medulla where fibers cross to form the Medial Lemniscus, where they then ascend to the __________ and then to the ___________

A
  1. Thalamus

2. Somatosensory Cortex

119
Q

These tracts convey sensation of pain and temperature

A

Spinothalamic Tracts

120
Q

Spinal Thalamic Tracts that convey sensation of pain and temperature are found where within the spinal cord?

A

Lateral Spinothalamic tract

121
Q

Sensation of crude touch can be found where within the spinal cord?

A

Anterior Spinothalamic Tract

122
Q

Spinothalamic tracts ascend one or two Ipsilateral spinal cord segments known as ___________ tract

A

Lissauer’s Tract

123
Q

Spinothalamic tracts convey sensation of pain and temperature through the lateral spinothalamic tract, and crude touch through the anterior spinothalamic tract. Tracts ascend one or two Ipsilateral spinal cord segments known as Lissauer’s tract. They then synapse and cross in the ___________ to the contralateral side and ascend into the ___________

A

Spinal Cord

Ventrolateral Spinothalamic System

124
Q

___________ tracts convey proprioception information from muscle spindles, Golgi tendon organs, and touch and pressure receptors to cerebellum for control of voluntary movements.

A

Spinocerebellar Tracts

125
Q

Spinocerebellar tracts convey what type of information?

A
  1. Proprioception information from muscle spindles
  2. Golgi tendon organs
  3. Touch and pressure receptors
126
Q

Spinocerebellar tracts convey proprioception information from muscle spindles, golgi tendon organs, and touch and pressure receptors to the ___________ for ___________

A
  1. Cerebellum

2. control of voluntary muscle movement

127
Q

This Spinocerebellar tract ascends to the Ipsilateral Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle.

A

Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract

128
Q

The Dorsal Spinocerebellar tract ascends to which region?

A

Ipsilateral Inferior Cerebellar Peduncle

129
Q

This Spinocerebellar tract ascends to the contralateral and ipsilateral superior cerebellar peduncle

A

Ventrospinocerebellar tract

130
Q

The Ventrospinocerebellar Tract ascends to which region?

A

Contralateral Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

Ipsilateral Superior Cerebellar Peduncle

131
Q

These tracts convey deep and chronic pain to reticular formation of brainstem via diffuse, polysynaptic pathways

A

Spinoreticular Tracts

132
Q

Spinoreticular tracts convey what type of information to the brainstem?

A

Deep and chronic pain to reticular formation of brainstem Via diffuse, polysynaptic pathways

133
Q

What are the 4 Ascending spinal tracts for the sensory pathway?

A
  1. Dorsal Column/Medial Lemniscus System
  2. Spinothalamic Tracts
  3. Spinocerebellar Tracts
  4. Spinoreticular Tracts
134
Q

What are the 5 Descending fiber system pathways?

A
  1. Corticospinal Tract
  2. Vestibulospinal Tract
  3. Rubrospinal Tract
  4. Reticulospinal System
  5. Tectospinal Tract
135
Q

These tracts arise from the primary motor cortex, descend into the brainstem, cross in the medulla (pyramidal decussation), via lateral corticospinal tract, to ventral gray matter (Anterior horn cells)

A

Corticospinal Tracts

136
Q

Where do the corticospinal tracts arise from?

A

Primary Motor Cortex

137
Q

What is the pathway for the corticospinal tract?

A
  1. Primary Motor Cortex
  2. Descend into brainstem
  3. Cross into Medulla (Pyramidal Decussation)
  4. Lateral Corticospinal Tract
  5. Ventral Gray Matter (Anterior Horn Cells)
138
Q

10% of the fibers from the corticospinal tract do not cross and travel in the anterior corticospinal tract to cervical and upper thoracic segments. This is important why?

A

For retention of voluntary motor control

139
Q

This spinal tract arises from the vestibular nucleus and descend to the spinal cord in lateral (uncrossed), and medial (crossed and uncrossed) ___________ tracts

A

Vestibulospinal tract

140
Q

Where does the vestibulospinal tract originate?

A

Vestibular nucleus

141
Q

What is the importance of the vestibulospinal tracts?

A
  1. Control of muscle tone
  2. Antigravity muscles
  3. Postural Reflex
142
Q

This spinal tract arises in the contralateral red nucleus and descends into the lateral white columns to spinal gray.

A

Rubrospinal Tracts

143
Q

Rubrospinal tracts arise in the ___________ and descend into the ___________

A
  1. Contralateral red Nucleus

2. Descend in lateral white columns to spinal gray

144
Q

What is the importance of the rubrospinal tract?

A

Assist in motor function

145
Q

This system arises from the reticular formation of the brainstem and descends (crossed and uncrossed) into ventral and lateral columns. Terminates in dorsal gray and on ventral gray.

A

Reticulospinal System

146
Q

Where does the reticulospinal system originate?

A

Reticular formation of the brainstem

147
Q

Where does the reticulospinal system descend with respect to the spinal column?

A

Ventral and lateral columns

148
Q

Where does the reticulospinal system terminate in the spinal cord?

A 
Both in Dorsal Gray (Modifies transmission of sensation, especially pain,
Ventral Gray (Influences Gamma Motor Neurons and Spinal Reflexes)
149
Q

The reticulospinal system that terminates in the dorsal gray does what?

A

Modifies transmission of sensation, especially pain

150
Q

The reticulospinal system that terminates in the ventral gray influences what?

A

Influences Gamma Motor Neurons

Influences Spinal Reflexes

151
Q

This tract arises from the superior colliculus (midbrain) and descends to ventral gray.

A

Tectospinal tract

152
Q

The tectospinal tract arises from the ___________ and descends into the ___________

A 
Superior colliculus (Midbrain)
Decends to Ventral Gray
153
Q

What is the function of the tectospinal tract?

A

Assists in head-turning responses to visual stimuli.

154
Q

This system is concerned with innervations of involuntary structures, such as the smooth muscle, heart glands.

A

Autonomic Nervous System

155
Q

This system helps maintain homeostasis of the body, specifically internal body environment

A

Autonomic Nervous system

156
Q

What are the 2 divisions of the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)?

A
  1. Sympathetic

2. Parasympathetic

157
Q

In the ANS, the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions both have ___________ and ___________ fibers

A

Efferent Nerve fibers

Afferent Nerve Fibers

158
Q

The Sympathetic Nervous System prepares the body for?

A

Fight or Flight

Emergency Responses

159
Q

What vital conditions occur when the Sympathetic Nervous System is Activated?

A
  1. Increases HR
  2. Increases BP
  3. Constricts peripheral blood vessels
  4. Redistributes Blood
  5. Inhibits Peristalsis
160
Q

The Sympathetic Nervous system is comprised of what spinal divisions?

A

T1-L2; Thoracolumbar division

161
Q

the Parasympathetic Nervous system is comprised of what spinal divisions?

A

Craniosacral Division
CN III, VII, IX, X; Pelvic nerves
CN 3, 7, 9, 10, Pelvic Nerves

162
Q

What is the function of the parasympathetic nervous system?

A
  1. Conserves and Restores Homeostasis
  2. Slows Heart Rate
  3. Reduces Blood Pressure
  4. Increases Peristalsis
  5. Increases Glandular Activity
163
Q

What is he Autonomic Plexus control?

A
  1. Cardiac
  2. Pulmonary
  3. Celiac (Solar)
  4. Hypogastric
  5. Pelvic
164
Q

The ANS is modulated by what region of the body?

A

Brain Centers

165
Q

This ANS arises from control centers in the hypothalamus and lower brainstem that regulates Cardiac, Respiratory, Vasomotor, and projects to Preganglionic ANS segments in Thoracolumbar (Sympathetic) and Craniosacral (Parasympathetic) segments

A

Descending Autonomic System

166
Q

The Descending autonomic nervous system arises from control centers in the ___________ and ___________

A

Hypothalamus

Lower Brainstem

167
Q

The Descending ANS is responsible for controlling what 3 areas?

A

Cardiac
Respiratory
Vasomotor

NPTE Study Guide (1 decks)

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