Anatomy and Physiology of the immune system Flashcards
The immune system protects the body from what?
disease causing agents known as pathogens
What 2 systems make up the immune system?
Innate defense and adaptive defense
What is innate defense?
A nonspecific response to pathogens
What is adaptive defense?
A specific response to a given pathogen
The three lines of defense of the innate immune system
first- skin, mucus, secretions (prevent from pathogens entering the body)
second- phagocytes, specific proteins, inflammatory response (fights pathogens that have entered)
third- adaptive immune system (fight and memory specific pathogen)
How do pathogens enter the body
Through body openings of the digestive, urinary and reproductive systems, and injuries
2 responses of the adaptive immune system to specific pathogens
cellular or humoral
Cellular response
destroys the infected cell
Humoral response
destroys pathogens found in body fluids using antibodies secreted by B cells
2 ways to protect the body
passive and active immunity, both can be induced artificially i.e vaccinations= passive
What occurs in the immune system when it encounters an allergen
overactive immune systems will overproduce huge amounts of antibodies that trigger a histamine release from mast cells resulting in allergy symptoms i.e sneezing
Autoimmune diseases do what to the body
mistakenly target host molecule as foreign antigen and attack the body
examples are type 1 diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis and multiple sclerosis
What system is the first line of defense for most of the body
integumentary system
What are the adaptive immune systems functional cells called?
lymphocytes called T cells and B cells
What is a APC cells?
Antigen presenting cell such as macrophages
What cell searches and destroys any cell that contains the pathogen’s antigen signature?
cytotoxic T cell
Order of which pathogen breaches the barriers and enter the blood or tissues (past first line of defense)
inflammatory response or histamines are released increasing blood flow to area and the number of WBC or phagocytes to the area then interferons interfere with production of new virus are release
Plasma cells are
helper T cells that have induced the B cell to multiply quickly into secretory cells
