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Basic Opticians - NAO > Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye Terms > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye Terms Flashcards

1
Q

Decreased or no vision in one eye with no anatomical damage to the eye or the visual pathway. Commonly related to unequal refractive status of the two eyes. Begins in early childhood.

A

Amblyopia

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2
Q

A general term for any error of refraction of the eye.

A

Ametropia

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3
Q

Unequal size of the images formed on the two retinas. Patient is unable to form a single clear image.

A

Aniseikonia

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4
Q

Prefix meaning uneven or dissimilar

A

Aniso

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5
Q

Opposite refractive errors in the two eyes. One eye plus and one minus.

A

Antimetropia

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6
Q

Absence of the crystalline lens. Commonly is post-surgical following cataract extraction. Rarely congenital

A

Aphakic

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7
Q

Referring to or involving both eyes, the use of both eyes simultaneously in such a manner that each retinal image contributes to the final, single prescription.

A

Binocular

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8
Q

The best corrected visual acuity of 20/200.

A

Blindness (Legal)

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9
Q

The angle joining the upper and lower eyelids.

A

Canthus

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10
Q

Any opacity of the normally clear crystalline lens or its capsule; partial or complete loss of transparency.

A

Cataract

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11
Q

Photoreceptor cell in the retina. Involved in color vision and high visual acuity.

A

Cone

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12
Q

A thin mucous membrane that covers the inner surface of the eyelids and extends over the exposed surface of the sclera.

A

Conjunctiva

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13
Q

A drug that paralyzes the ciliary and sphincter pupillae muscles of the eye, resulting in a loss of ability to accommodate and to constrict the pupil.

A

Drugs - Cycloplegic

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14
Q

Compound that constricts the pupil

A

Miotic (drug)

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15
Q

Dilates the pupil.

A

Mydriatic (drug)

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16
Q

The normal ocular refractive condition in which the principal focal points of the dioptic system of the eye lies exactly in the plane of the retina. No refractive error.

A

Emmtropia

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17
Q

Inner layer of the cornea

A

Endothelium

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18
Q

Outer layer of the cornea

A

Epithelium

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19
Q

Prefix meaning into

A

Eso

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20
Q

Prefix meaning out

21
Q

The part of the macula adapted for the most acute vision and color discrimination.

22
Q

Ocular disease usually marked by abnormally high intraocular pressure, resulting in damage to the optic nerve and loss of visual field. Pressures over 25mmHG should be monitored by a doctor.

23
Q

Prefix meaning upwards

24
Q

Prefix meaning downwards

25
Q

Having equal refractive power

26
Q

Suffix meaning inflammation

27
Q

Prefix referring to the cornea

28
Q

An area on the posterior of the retina. 3mm to 5mm in diameter, usually located temporally to and slightly below the level of the optic disc. Contains the fovea.

29
Q

Partial or total loss of central vision, most commonly age related.

A

Macular Degeneration

30
Q

Diagnostic optical instrument to examine the interior of the eye.

A

Ophthalmoscope

31
Q

The eyelids

32
Q

A tendency to turn

33
Q

Rotary-mounted trial assemblage of lenses and prisms used to determine the refractive state of the eye.

34
Q

Abnormal sensitivity or intolerance to light

A

Photophobia

35
Q

A localized yellowish-gray, elevated mass in the conjunctiva. Usually on the exposed interpalpebral area of the cornea.

A

Pinguecula

36
Q

Wing like thickening of the conjunctiva that slowly grows from inner canthus over the limbus and into superficial cornea. Exposure to high levels of sunlight.

37
Q

Drooping of the eyelid below normal position.

38
Q

Small opening found at the cilliary border of each eyelid near the medial canthus through which the tears drain.

39
Q

Pigmentary degeneration of the retina, results in loss of visual field and night blindness. Rods are affected the most.

A

Retinitis Pigmentosa

40
Q

Diabetic - A diseased condition of the retina. Increased retinal vascularization.

A

Retinopathy

41
Q

Hand-held instrument used to determine the refractive state of the eye.

A

Retinoscope

42
Q

Blind area within a visual field.

43
Q

Seeing under conditions of no light. All rod vision.

A

Scotopic Vision

44
Q

True, three-dimensional depth perception; not obtainable with one eye.

A

Stereopsis

45
Q

Misalignment of the eyes, caused by extraocular muscle imbalance, squint-crossed eyes binocular fixation is absent.

A

Strabismus

46
Q

Instrument used to measure the intraocular pressure of the eye.

47
Q

A definite turning of the eye.

48
Q

The ability of the eye to detect detail. Snelling acuity 20/20. Each letter is designed to subtend a 5-minute angle with one minute components.

A

Visual Acuity

Basic Opticians - NAO (2 decks)

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