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MS Nursing 2 > Anatomy and Physiology of GI System > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology of GI System Flashcards

1
Q

It is where digestion begins

A

Oral Cavity

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2
Q

What enzyme is secreted by saliva

A

Amylase

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3
Q

Involuntary muscle movement that occurs in the GI tract

A

Peristalsis

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4
Q

Purpose of mucosal glands in the stomach

A

Prevent autodigestion

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5
Q

Parts of the stomach

A

Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus

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6
Q

2 sphincters found in the stomach

A

Lower Esophageal Sphincter and Pyloric Sphincter

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7
Q

What sphincter prevents reflux of gastric contents to the esophagus

A

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

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8
Q

Sphincter that regulates rate of stomach emptying into small intestine

A

Pyloric Sphincter

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9
Q

Enzymes secreted in the stomach

A

Hydrochloric Acid
Pepsin
Gastrin
Intrinsic Factor

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10
Q

Type of cells that secrete Hydrochloric Acid

A

Parietal Cells

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11
Q

Type of cells that secrete Pepsin

A

Stomach Cells

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12
Q

Enzyme that convert proteins to peptides

A

Pepsin

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13
Q

Enzyme that controls gastric acidity

A

Gastrin

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14
Q

Type of cells that secrete the Intrinsic Factor

A

Parietal Cells

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15
Q

Purpose of intrinsic factor

A

Vit B12 absorption

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16
Q

Structure in the small intestine that is responsible for increasing the surface area in order for more nutrients to be absorbed

17
Q

Parts of the small intestine

A

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

18
Q

Pancreatic Juice Enzymes

A

Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Sucrase
Nucleases
Enterokinase

19
Q

Enzyme that digests starch to maltose

20
Q

Enzyme that digests maltose to monosaccharide glucose

21
Q

Enzyme that splits lactose to glucose and galactose

22
Q

Enzyme that splits nucleic acids to nucleotides

23
Q

Enzyme that reduces sucrose to fructose and glucose

24
Q

Enzyme that activates trypsinogen to trypsin

A

Enterokinase

25
Q

Prevents the backflow of gastric content to the ileum

A

Ileocecal valve

26
Q

Sphincters that control the anal canal

A

Internal and External sphincters

27
Q

Primary function of the liver

A

Detoxification

28
Q

Types of cells that are in the liver

A

Kupffer Cells

29
Q

Organ that produces bile

30
Q

Organ that stores and concentrates bile

A

Gallbladder

31
Q

Purpose of bile

A

Emulsify fats for pancreatic enzymes to digest these rapidly

32
Q

Structure that delivers bile from liver to gallbladder

A

Hepatic Duct

33
Q

Presence of fatty materials in the duodenum stimulates the..

A

Liberation of cholecystokinin that is responsible for the contraction of gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi = Release bile to the duodenum

34
Q

Pancreas as an endocrine gland

A

Release insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

35
Q

Pancreas as an exocrine gland

A

Release sodium bicarbonate to duodenum

MS Nursing 2 (3 decks)

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