Anatomy and Physiology of GI System

Question 1

It is where digestion begins

Answer 1

Oral Cavity

Question 2

What enzyme is secreted by saliva

Answer 2

Amylase

Question 3

Involuntary muscle movement that occurs in the GI tract

Answer 3

Peristalsis

Question 4

Purpose of mucosal glands in the stomach

Answer 4

Prevent autodigestion

Question 5

Parts of the stomach

Answer 5

Cardia, Fundus, Body, Pylorus

Question 6

2 sphincters found in the stomach

Answer 6

Lower Esophageal Sphincter and Pyloric Sphincter

Question 7

What sphincter prevents reflux of gastric contents to the esophagus

Answer 7

Lower Esophageal Sphincter

Question 8

Sphincter that regulates rate of stomach emptying into small intestine

Answer 8

Pyloric Sphincter

Question 9

Enzymes secreted in the stomach

Answer 9

Hydrochloric Acid
Pepsin
Gastrin
Intrinsic Factor

Question 10

Type of cells that secrete Hydrochloric Acid

Answer 10

Parietal Cells

Question 11

Type of cells that secrete Pepsin

Answer 11

Stomach Cells

Question 12

Enzyme that convert proteins to peptides

Answer 12

Pepsin

Question 13

Enzyme that controls gastric acidity

Answer 13

Gastrin

Question 14

Type of cells that secrete the Intrinsic Factor

Answer 14

Parietal Cells

Question 15

Purpose of intrinsic factor

Answer 15

Vit B12 absorption

Question 16

Structure in the small intestine that is responsible for increasing the surface area in order for more nutrients to be absorbed

Answer 16

Villi

Question 17

Parts of the small intestine

Answer 17

Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum

Question 18

Pancreatic Juice Enzymes

Answer 18

Amylase
Maltase
Lactase
Sucrase
Nucleases
Enterokinase

Question 19

Enzyme that digests starch to maltose

Answer 19

Amylase

Question 20

Enzyme that digests maltose to monosaccharide glucose

Answer 20

Maltase

Question 21

Enzyme that splits lactose to glucose and galactose

Answer 21

Lactase

Question 22

Enzyme that splits nucleic acids to nucleotides

Answer 22

Nuclease

Question 23

Enzyme that reduces sucrose to fructose and glucose

Answer 23

Sucrase

Question 24

Enzyme that activates trypsinogen to trypsin

Answer 24

Enterokinase

Question 25

Prevents the backflow of gastric content to the ileum

Answer 25

Ileocecal valve

Question 26

Sphincters that control the anal canal

Answer 26

Internal and External sphincters

Question 27

Primary function of the liver

Answer 27

Detoxification

Question 28

Types of cells that are in the liver

Answer 28

Kupffer Cells

Question 29

Organ that produces bile

Answer 29

Liver

Question 30

Organ that stores and concentrates bile

Answer 30

Gallbladder

Question 31

Purpose of bile

Answer 31

Emulsify fats for pancreatic enzymes to digest these rapidly

Question 32

Structure that delivers bile from liver to gallbladder

Answer 32

Hepatic Duct

Question 33

Presence of fatty materials in the duodenum stimulates the..

Answer 33

Liberation of cholecystokinin that is responsible for the contraction of gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter of Oddi = Release bile to the duodenum

Question 34

Pancreas as an endocrine gland

Answer 34

Release insulin, glucagon, somatostatin

Question 35

Pancreas as an exocrine gland

Answer 35

Release sodium bicarbonate to duodenum