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Anatomy and Physiology > Anatomy and Physiology (Module 1-2) > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology (Module 1-2) Flashcards

1
Q

It studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another

A

Anatomy

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2
Q

It studies the function of the body, how the body parts work
and carry out their life-sustaining activities

A

Physiology

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3
Q

The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart,
lungs, kidneys

A

Gross Anatomy

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4
Q

all structures in particular region of the body (abdomen or leg region)

A

Regional

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5
Q

body structures are examined system by system (cardiovascular, neuro, nephron
etc.)

A

Systemic

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6
Q

study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface

A

Surface

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7
Q

deals with structures to small to be seen by the naked eye(cytology,
histology)

A

Microscopic

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8
Q

traces structural changes that occur throughout the life span

A

developmental

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9
Q

It is the set of metabolic pathways that breaks down molecules into smaller units that are either oxidized to release energy or used in other anabolic reactions

A

Catabolism

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10
Q

Is the set of metabolic pathways that construct molecules from smaller units, these reactions require energy, known also as an endergonic process

A

Anabolism

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11
Q

Ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even though the outside world changes continuously

A

Homeostasis

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12
Q

An inability of the body to restore a functional, stable internal environment

A

Homeostatic Imbalance

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13
Q

2 causes Homeostatic Imbalance

A

Aging and Diseases

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14
Q

Anatomical term for underarm

A

Axillary

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15
Q

Anatomical term for fingers

A

Digits

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16
Q

Anatomical term for wrist

A

Carpal

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17
Q

Anatomical term for chin

A

Mental

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18
Q

Anatomical term for lower part of the arm

A

Anti brachial

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19
Q

Anatomical term for upper part of the arm

A

Brachial

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20
Q

Anatomical term for nose

A

Nasal

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21
Q

Smallest unit of life

A

Cells

22
Q

Selectively permeable barrier

A

Plasma membrane

23
Q

Most abundant material, jellylike substance
composed of proteins and polysaccharides

A

Extracellular matrix (ECM)

24
Q

Includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)

A

ECF (extracellular fluid)

25
Q

Substances that aid in digestion (gastric fluids) or act as lubricants (saliva)

A

Cellular secretions

26
Q

Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells; internal water volume

A

Tonicity

27
Q

have the same concentrations of nonpenetrating solutes as those found in the cells, retain shape, exhibit no net loss or gain of water

A

Isotonic

28
Q

More dilute than cells, cells plump up or lyse

A

Hypotonic

29
Q

Higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than seen in the cell, lose water, shrivel or crenate

A

Hypertonic

30
Q

Cells retain their normal size and shape in isotonic solutions (same solute/water concentration as inside cells; water moves in and out).

A

Isotonic solutions

31
Q

Cells lose water by osmosis and shrink in a hypertonic solution (contains a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than are present inside the cells)

A

Hypertonic solutions

32
Q

Cells take on water by osmosis until they become bloated and burst (lyse) in a hypotonic solution (contains a lower concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than are present inside cells).

A

Hypotonic solutions

33
Q

Requires transport proteins that combine specifically and reversibly with the transported substances

A

Active transport

34
Q

Also termed as voltage, electrical potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles

A

Membrane Potential

35
Q

in which cells come together, touch and recognize one another. Useful in development and immunity

A

Contact signaling

36
Q

process in which a ligand (chemical messenger) binds a specific receptor and initiates a response

A

Chemical Signaling

37
Q

signals from the nervous system

A

Neurotransmitters

38
Q

signals from the endocrine system

A

Hormones

39
Q

chemicals that act locally and are rapidly destroyed

A

Paracrines

40
Q

Spherical membranous sacs containing enzymes (numerous in kidneys and livers) Oxidases and Catalases detoxify alcohol and formaldehyde and neutralize free radicals

A

Peroxisomes

41
Q

Groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform a common or related function

A

Tissues

42
Q

Sheet of cells that covers a body surface or lines a body cavity, a boundary-forming tissue

A

Epithelial Tissue

43
Q

some are smooth and slick, most have microvilli

A

Apical Surface

44
Q

non-cellular, adhesive sheet consisting of glycoproteins that acts as a selective filter that determines which molecules are allowed to enter the epithelium

A

Basal Lamina

45
Q

Two classification of Epithelial Tissue

A

Simple and Stratified

46
Q

Well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for most type of body movement

A

Muscle Tissue

47
Q

high specialized nerve cells that generate and conduct nerve impulses which enables them to 1) respond to stimuli and 2) transmit electrical
impulses

A

Neurons

48
Q

non-conducting cells that support, insulate and protect delicate neurons

A

Supporting cells/Glial/Neugrolia

49
Q

Continuous multicellular sheets composed of at least 2 primary tissue
types (epithelium + connective tissue)

A

Membranes

50
Q

Three (3) steps of tissue repair

A

Inflammation sets the stage, Organization restores the blood supply, Regeneration and fibrosis effect permanent repair

Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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