ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY - MODULE 1 & 2 Flashcards
Studies the structure of body parts and their relationships to one another
Anatomy
The study of large body structures visible to the naked eye, such as heart,
lungs, kidneys
Gross Anatomy
All structures in particular region of the body (abdomen or leg region)
Regional
Body structures are examined system by system (cardiovascular, neuro, nephron
etc)
Systemic
The study of internal structures as they relate to the overlying skin surface
Surface
Deals with structures to small to be seen by the naked eye(cytology,
histology)
Microscopic
Traces structural changes that occur throughout the life spa
Developmental
Studies the function of the body, how the body parts work
and carry out their life-sustaining activities
Physiology
An inability of the body to
restore a functional, stable
internal environment
Homeostatic Imbalance
Study of the chemical composition and
reactions of living matter
Biochemistry
Contains carbon and made by living things
Organic Compounds
Compounds that lack carbon except carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide
Inorganic Compounds
The most abundant and important inorganic compound in living material
Water
Directional term for back
Posterior
Directional Term: Both organs are affected
Bilateral
It is the back of the hand
Dorsum
Region where the thigh or femur (femoral bone) is found
Femoral Region
Front leg
Anterior Leg Region
Directional term: away from head to trunk
Distal
Directional term: towards the midline
Medial
The smallest unit of life
Cells
Selectively permeable barrier
Plasma Membrane
An intracellular fluid packed with organelles
Cytoplasm
An organelle that controls cellular activities
Nucleus
It includes interstitial fluids, blood plasma,
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF
ECF (extracellular fluid)
These are substances that aid in digestion (gastric fluids) or act as
lubricants (saliva)
Cellular Secretions
The most abundant material, jellylike substance
composed of proteins and polysaccharides
Extracellular matrix (ECM)
It forms the fabric of the membrane (Phospholipid + cholesterol)
Membrane Lipids
Allows the membrane to communicate with its environment, responsible for specialized membrane function
Membrane Proteins
It determines which substances enters or exit the cell
Selective Permeability
Cell surface carbohydrates allow cells to recognize each other
Cell Recognition
Refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by
altering the cells; internal water volume
Tonicity
It contains a higher concentration of nonpenetrating solutes than are present inside the cells, making the cell lose water by osmosis and shrink
Hypertonic Solutions
Powerplants of the cell, providing ATP supply
Mitochondria
Modify, concentrate and package the proteins and lipids
Stacked, flattened membranous sacs associated with tiny
membranous vesicles
Golgi Apparatus
It is the system of organelles that work together mainly to produce, degrade, store, and export biological molecules
Endomembrane System
Elaborate network of rods running through the cytosol and
hundreds of accessory proteins that link these rods to other
cell structure
Cystoskeleton
Control center and contains the
instructions to build nearly all the
body’s proteins
Nucleus
Series of changes a cell
goes through from the time
it is formed until it
reproduces
Cell Cycle
Groups of cells that are
similar in structure and
perform a common or
related functio
Tissue
