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Anatomy and Physiology > Anatomy and Physiology | Module 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology | Module 1 & 2 Flashcards

1
Q

This discipline studies the function of the body, how the body parts work and carry out their life-sustaining activities.

A

Physiology

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2
Q

This is the ability of the body to maintain relatively stable internal conditions even through the outside world changes continuously.

A

Homeostasis

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3
Q

This anatomical position, has the individual laying on their back with their face and abdomen facing upwards.

A

Supine

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4
Q

This anatomical plane is a vertical plane which divides the body into its anterior and posterior parts.

A

Coronal or Frontal

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5
Q

This anatomical plane is a horizontal plane and divides the body into its superior and inferior parts.

A

Transverse

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6
Q

This directional term refers to structures that are situated on the same side of the body (left or right); or of affecting the same side of the body

A

Ipsilateral

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7
Q

What is the layman’s term for clavicle?

A

Collarbone

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8
Q

What is the layman’s term for the buccal region?

A

Cheeks

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9
Q

What is the anatomical term for the arm pit?

A

Axillary region

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10
Q

What is the anatomical term for the calf?

A

Sural region

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11
Q

What is the layman’s terms for the umbilical region?

A

Navel or Bellybutton

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12
Q

This is the study of the structure and shape of the body and its parts and their relationships.

A

Anatomy

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13
Q

This is the reaction when acids and bases mix.

A

Neutralization reaction

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14
Q

What are the 3 main parts of the cell?

A

The Nucleus, Cytoplasm and Plasma Membrane

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15
Q

This refers to the ability of a solution to change the shape of cells by altering the cells; internal water volume

A

Tonicity

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16
Q

These are substances contributing to body mass that are found outside of the cells

A

Extracellular Materials

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17
Q

This forms the “fabric” of the membrane

A

Membrane Lipids

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18
Q

This are protein structures that allow neighboring cells to adhere and to communicate, inhibit or aid in allowing movement of molecules between cells

A

Cell junctions

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19
Q

What is the Membrane Potential?

A

This is also termed as ‘voltage.’ It is the electrical potential energy resulting from the separation of oppositely charged particles.

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20
Q

These are cell surface proteins that mediate the interaction between cells, or between cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM)

A

Cell Adhesion Molecules (CAMs)

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21
Q

This is a type of feedback loop in which the initial response enhances the original stimulus so that further responses are even greater.

A

Positive Feedback Mechanisms

22
Q

This is the inability of the body to restore a functional, stable internal environment– which may be due to aging or diseases.

A

Homeostatic Imbalance

23
Q

What is the highest level of structural organization?

A

Organismal level

24
Q

This is a regulatory molecule that acts as a middle-man to activate either 1) membrane bound enzyme 2) Ion channel.

A

G-protein

25
Q

What is the Cytoplasm?

A

This is the jelly-like cell material packed with organelles. It is the site of most cellular activities.

26
Q

This is a system of organelles that work together mainly to: produce, degrade, store and export biological molecules, and degrade potentially harmful substances. (Includes the Golgi Apparatus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, etc.)

A

Endomembrane system

27
Q

Control center of the cell and contains instructions to build nearly all the body’s proteins.

A

Nucleus

28
Q

Tiny, finger-like extensions of the plasma membrane. It increases the cell surface and are most often found in absorptive cells in the intestine and kidney.

A

Microvilli

29
Q

_________ is the segment of a DNA molecule that carries instructions for creating one polypeptide chain.

A

Gene

30
Q

_________ are groups of cells that are similar in structure and perform common or related functions.

A

Tissues

31
Q

These are sheets of cells that cover the body surface or lines the body cavity; a boundary-forming tissue.

A

Epithelial tissue

32
Q

This is a type of epithelial tissue whose main function is to secrete, absorb and protect. It is a single layer of cube-like cells with large, spherical nuclei.

A

Simple cuboidal

33
Q

This type of tissue mainly connects body parts; however, also functions for binding and supporting, protecting, insulating, storing reserve fuel, and transporting substances.

A

Connective Tissue

34
Q

These are well-vascularized tissues that are responsible for most type of body movement– it possesses myofilaments with networks of actin and myosin that bring about movement or contraction.

A

Muscle Tissues

35
Q

These are spindle shaped cells with a central nuclei– mostly found in the walls of hollow organs. Its main function is to propel substances or objects (foodstuffs, urine, a baby) along internal passageways; involuntary control.

A

Smooth muscle

36
Q

This is the main component of the nervous system (brain , spinal cord and nerves) which regulates and controls body functions.

A

Nervous Tissue

37
Q

This refers to the process of nuclear division, it is the series of events that parcels out the replicated DNA of the parent cell to two daughter cells.

A

Mitosis

38
Q

_________ is a term referring to ‘programmed cell death.’ It rids the body of cells that are programmed to have a limited life span.

A

Apoptosis

39
Q

This is a type of passive membrane transport which diffuses directly through the lipid bilayer (usually small nonpolar molecules that readily dissolve in lipids)

A

Simple Diffusion

40
Q

This is a type of endocytosis, wherein a large external particle becomes surrounded by a pseudopod; thus, becoming enclosed in a vesicle. Otherwise known as “cell eating.”

A

Phagocytosis

41
Q

What is Contact Signaling?

A

It is when cells come together, touch and recognize one another. This is useful in development and immunity.

42
Q

This system is the external covering of the body, including the: Skin, Hair and Fingernails.

A

Integumentary System

43
Q

_____________ is a requirement for life. It is the ability to respond and appropriately react to changes from the external environment.

A

Responsiveness or Excitability

44
Q

This is a vertical plane which passes through the midline of the body, and bisects the body into two symmetrical halves (right and left).

A

Median or Midsagittal plane

45
Q

What is the layman’s term for antebrachial?

A

Forearm

46
Q

This is an organelle in the cytoplasm that modifies, concentrates and packages proteins and lipids. They are stacked, flattened membranous sacs that are associated with tiny membranous vesicles.

A

Golgi Apparatus

47
Q

It is a series of changes that a cell goes through from the time it is formed until it reproduces.

A

The Cell Cycle

48
Q

What is the Interphase?

A

The period from cell formation to cell division

49
Q

____________ provides identity molecules for specific biological markers.

A

Glycocalyx

50
Q

It is the diffusion of a solvent (water) through a membrane.

A

Osmosis

Anatomy and Physiology (1 decks)

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