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Anatomy and Physiology > Anatomy and Physiology Module 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Module 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

the study of the structure of the body and its parts

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2
Q

Physiology

A

the study of how the parts function and work together to make the human body the wonder that it is

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3
Q

Developmental Anatomy

A

the study of the changes that begin in the human body at conception and proceed into adulthood

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4
Q

Embryology

A

the subdivision of developmental anatomy that covers the first 8 weeks following conception

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5
Q

Surface Anatomy

A

used for diagnosis
ex. when a physician feels your skin to determine if glands are swollen or if there are suspicious lumps on the body

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6
Q

Regional Anatomy

A

analysis of specific parts of the body

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7
Q

Gross Anatomy

A

gross = large
the study of systems you can see
aka = macroscopic anatomy

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8
Q

Microscopic Anatomy

A

the study of structures so small you are required to use a microscope to see them

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9
Q

Systemic Anatomy

A

anatomy of organ systems – groups of organs related by shared functions (ex. digestive system)

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10
Q

Comparative Anatomy

A

The anatomy of nonhuman species and it can be used to assist in the study of the human body

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11
Q

Organ System

A

a group of organs that work together to perform related functions

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12
Q

Skeletal System

A

the bones in your body and their cartilage, ligaments, and joints. It provides support, gives shape, and allows the body to move. It also provides blood cells

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13
Q

Nervous System

A

the brain, spinal cord, nerves, and all sensory receptors, including vision, hearing, smell, taste, and touch

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14
Q

Circulatory System

A

composed of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. transports gases, nutrients, waste, hormones, and other molecules.

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15
Q

Respiratory System

A

contains lungs, respiratory passages, and diaphram. it enables the exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide between the blood and the air

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16
Q

Digestive System

A

includes the mouth, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, gallbladder, pancreas, appendix, and rectum

17
Q

Muscular System

A

consists of the muscles of the body. it powers the movement of the skeleton and maintains posture.

18
Q

Integumentary System

A

consists of skin, hair, sweat glands, oil glands, and nails. it regulates body temperature, prevents water loss, and produces Vitamin D

19
Q

Lymphatic System

A

consists of the spleen, thymus gland, lymphatic vessels, and lymph nodes. (the immune system)

20
Q

Urinary System

A

kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra. it removes waste from the body

21
Q

Endocrine System

A

organs that secrete hormones: hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroids, thymus, adrenals, pancreas, ovaries, and testes

22
Q

Reproductive System

A

made of:
female: ovaries, vagina, uterus, and mammary glands
male: testes, penis, prostate glands, and other internal organs

23
Q

Organ

A

a group of tissues specialized for a particular function

24
Q

Tissues

A

groups of cells forming various building materials of the body
4 types: nervous, muscular, connective, and epithelial

25
Q

Nervous Tissue

A

makes up the brain, spinal cord, and nerves

26
Q

Muscular Tissue

A

comprises the muscles so the skeleton can move, heart can beat, and internal organs can push food along

27
Q

Connective Tissue

A

make up bone cartilage, deep skin layers, and binds between organs

28
Q

Epithelial Tissue

A

the surface of skin; lining of respiratory passages, digestive tracts, urinary tract, and reproductive tracts

29
Q

Cell

A

the basic unit of life

30
Q

Organelles

A

little organs made of molecules

31
Q

Homeostasis

A

a state of dynamic equilibrium in the body with respect to its internal environment and functions

32
Q

Set Point

A

ideal normal value of a variable around which homeostasis is maintained through a normal range of values that are acceptable to the body

33
Q

Stress

A

a factor that causes one or more physiological variables to move away from its homeostatic set point

34
Q

Control Center

A

the part of the body that recieves information about a variable, determines the set point, and signals a response to correct imbalance

35
Q

Receptor

A

a structure in the body that monitors the values of the body’s variables

36
Q

Effector

A

a structure in the body that can change in the value of a variable in response to a signal from the control center

37
Q

Negative-Feedback System

A

a control mechanism consisting of receptors, control center, and effectors through homeostasis in the body is maintained by regulation of the body’s organ systems. reverses the original stress

Anatomy and Physiology (3 decks)

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