ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE

Question 1

Which muscles are involved in inspiration and expiration?

Answer 1

Diaphragm / Intercostal Muscles / Internal Obliques

Question 2

External respiration involves?

Answer 2

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the external environment

Question 3

Which muscle relaxes and becomes dome-shaped during expiration of air?

Answer 3

The diaphragm

Question 4

The current measure used to diagnose stage 2 hypertension?

Answer 4

160/100 mmHg

Question 5

The structure of the respiratory system that contains rings to stop it collapsing is the?

Answer 5

Trachea

Question 6

A bone that offers protection to the vital organs is classified as?

Answer 6

Flat bone

Question 7

The thin outer layer that covers the surface of the long bone is called the?

Answer 7

periosteum

Question 8

The growth of bone involves?

Answer 8

Osteoclasts (cells that break down bone tissue) and bone formation by osteoblasts (cells that build new bone tissue).

Question 9

Pregnancy can change the shape of the spinal curve and cause?

Answer 9

Lordosis

Question 10

Synovial joints contain bursae that?

Answer 10

Reduce Friction

Question 11

Knee extension is produced by a concentric contraction of the?

Answer 11

quadriceps

Question 12

What is a characteristic of a skeletal muscle?

Answer 12

Striated Appearance / Voluntary Control / Contract relatively quickly and generate strong forces, allowing for rapid movements / Higher fatigue resistance

Question 13

Type 1 muscle fibres characteristics?

Answer 13

They contract slowly / high resistance to fatigue / Red Colour / Abundance of Mitochondria / generate lower force

Question 14

Type 2 muscle fibres characteristics?

Answer 14

Contract rapidly / More prone to fatigue / White Colour / Lower Mitochondrial Density / High Force Production /

Question 15

What nutrient will produce the most ATP during aerobic energy production?

Answer 15

Fats

Question 16

How long does the ATP-PC system produce energy for before becoming depleted?

Answer 16

8-10 seconds

Question 17

The classification for normal blood pressure is?

Answer 17

120/80 mmHg

Question 18

The function of blood vessels is to?

Answer 18

Transport blood throughout the body.

Question 19

The axial skeleton is made up of?

Answer 19

Skull / Vertebral Column (Spine) / Ribs / Sternum (Breastbone)

Question 20

Bone growth through lengthening occurs at the?

Answer 20

Epiphyseal plates

Question 21

Which type of joint allows rotational movement?

Answer 21

Pivot joint

Question 22

What is a movement in the transverse plane?

Answer 22

Rotation or Supination and Pronation

Question 23

Connective tissue that covers the muscle?

Answer 23

Fascia

Question 24

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculae in the muscle?

Answer 24

Perimysium

Question 25

What is Anabolism?

Answer 25

To build tissues, structures, and molecules essential for growth, repair, and maintenance within the body.

Question 26

When the aerobic energy system produces energy, the by-products will be?

Answer 26

Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water (H2O), and Heat.

Question 27

The muscle that covers the chest area is called?

Answer 27

Pectoralis major

Question 28

What is catabolism?

Answer 28

The metabolic process in the body where larger and more complex molecules are broken down into simpler substances.

Question 29

What is the all or none law?

Answer 29

When a muscle fibre receives a stimulus of sufficient strength (threshold stimulus), it will contract fully or not at all.

Question 30

Function of the alimentary canal?

Answer 30

Digestion / Absorption / Elimination

Question 31

The role of fibre in maintaining gut function is?

Answer 31

Fibre adds bulk to stool, softens it, and helps move it efficiently through the digestive tract.

Question 32

The connective tissue that covers the entire muscle is the?

Answer 32

Epimysium

Question 33

Which blood pressure reading is the measure of hypotension?

Answer 33

90/60mmHg

Question 34

The shaft of the long bone is called the?

Answer 34

Diaphysis.

Question 35

Pulmonary circulation is when blood flows?

Answer 35

Between the heart and the lungs.

Question 36

Function of the pelvic floor muscles is?

Answer 36

Pelvic floor muscles aid in controlling urinary and faecal continence

Question 37

Shoulder abduction is produced by a concentric contraction of the?

Answer 37

The deltoid muscle

Question 38

Which type of connective tissue is non-elastic, strap like and prevents unwanted movement in the joints?

Answer 38

Ligaments

Question 39

What is EPOC? Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption

Answer 39

The increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous exercise, even after the exercise has been completed.

Question 40

What causes a muscle to contract?

Answer 40

When a motor neuron, a nerve cell responsible for sending signals to muscles, receives a signal from the brain or spinal cord, it transmits an electrical impulse along its length to the muscle fibres it innervates.