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ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE > ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE > Flashcards

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE Flashcards

1
Q

Which muscles are involved in inspiration and expiration?

A

Diaphragm / Intercostal Muscles / Internal Obliques

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2
Q

External respiration involves?

A

The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the lungs and the external environment

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3
Q

Which muscle relaxes and becomes dome-shaped during expiration of air?

A

The diaphragm

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4
Q

The current measure used to diagnose stage 2 hypertension?

A

160/100 mmHg

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5
Q

The structure of the respiratory system that contains rings to stop it collapsing is the?

A

Trachea

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6
Q

A bone that offers protection to the vital organs is classified as?

A

Flat bone

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7
Q

The thin outer layer that covers the surface of the long bone is called the?

A

periosteum

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8
Q

The growth of bone involves?

A

Osteoclasts (cells that break down bone tissue) and bone formation by osteoblasts (cells that build new bone tissue).

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9
Q

Pregnancy can change the shape of the spinal curve and cause?

A

Lordosis

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10
Q

Synovial joints contain bursae that?

A

Reduce Friction

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11
Q

Knee extension is produced by a concentric contraction of the?

A

quadriceps

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12
Q

What is a characteristic of a skeletal muscle?

A

Striated Appearance / Voluntary Control / Contract relatively quickly and generate strong forces, allowing for rapid movements / Higher fatigue resistance

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13
Q

Type 1 muscle fibres characteristics?

A

They contract slowly / high resistance to fatigue / Red Colour / Abundance of Mitochondria / generate lower force

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14
Q

Type 2 muscle fibres characteristics?

A

Contract rapidly / More prone to fatigue / White Colour / Lower Mitochondrial Density / High Force Production /

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15
Q

What nutrient will produce the most ATP during aerobic energy production?

A

Fats

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16
Q

How long does the ATP-PC system produce energy for before becoming depleted?

A

8-10 seconds

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17
Q

The classification for normal blood pressure is?

A

120/80 mmHg

18
Q

The function of blood vessels is to?

A

Transport blood throughout the body.

19
Q

The axial skeleton is made up of?

A

Skull / Vertebral Column (Spine) / Ribs / Sternum (Breastbone)

20
Q

Bone growth through lengthening occurs at the?

A

Epiphyseal plates

21
Q

Which type of joint allows rotational movement?

A

Pivot joint

22
Q

What is a movement in the transverse plane?

A

Rotation or Supination and Pronation

23
Q

Connective tissue that covers the muscle?

A

Fascia

24
Q

What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds the fasciculae in the muscle?

A

Perimysium

25
Q

What is Anabolism?

A

To build tissues, structures, and molecules essential for growth, repair, and maintenance within the body.

26
Q

When the aerobic energy system produces energy, the by-products will be?

A

Carbon dioxide (CO2), Water (H2O), and Heat.

27
Q

The muscle that covers the chest area is called?

A

Pectoralis major

28
Q

What is catabolism?

A

The metabolic process in the body where larger and more complex molecules are broken down into simpler substances.

29
Q

What is the all or none law?

A

When a muscle fibre receives a stimulus of sufficient strength (threshold stimulus), it will contract fully or not at all.

30
Q

Function of the alimentary canal?

A

Digestion / Absorption / Elimination

31
Q

The role of fibre in maintaining gut function is?

A

Fibre adds bulk to stool, softens it, and helps move it efficiently through the digestive tract.

32
Q

The connective tissue that covers the entire muscle is the?

A

Epimysium

33
Q

Which blood pressure reading is the measure of hypotension?

A

90/60mmHg

34
Q

The shaft of the long bone is called the?

A

Diaphysis.

35
Q

Pulmonary circulation is when blood flows?

A

Between the heart and the lungs.

36
Q

Function of the pelvic floor muscles is?

A

Pelvic floor muscles aid in controlling urinary and faecal continence

37
Q

Shoulder abduction is produced by a concentric contraction of the?

A

The deltoid muscle

38
Q

Which type of connective tissue is non-elastic, strap like and prevents unwanted movement in the joints?

A

Ligaments

39
Q

What is EPOC? Excess Post-Exercise Oxygen Consumption

A

The increased rate of oxygen intake following strenuous exercise, even after the exercise has been completed.

40
Q

What causes a muscle to contract?

A

When a motor neuron, a nerve cell responsible for sending signals to muscles, receives a signal from the brain or spinal cord, it transmits an electrical impulse along its length to the muscle fibres it innervates.

ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY FOR EXERCISE (1 decks)

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