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Anatomy > anatomy and physiology chapter 1-4 > Flashcards

anatomy and physiology chapter 1-4 Flashcards

1
Q

metabolism

A

10 charachteristics of life

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3
Q

10 Characteristics of life

A

movement, responsiveness, respiration, digestion, absorption, circulation, assimilation, excretion

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4
Q

homeostasis

A

the maintenance of a constant internal environment despite the changes occuring in the external environment

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5
Q

receptors

A

provide information about specific conditions (stimuli) in the internal environment; stimulus - when a change occurs in the internal environment; component of homeostatic mechanisms

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6
Q

control center

A

includes a set point and tells what a particular value should be, change is compared to the set point; component of homeostatic mechanisms

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7
Q

effectors

A

elicit responses that alter conditions in the internal environment and change is corrected; component of homeostatic mechanisms

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8
Q

negative feedback

A

mechanism in which a change in the body is recognized and compared against the accepted homeostatic value (set point), if the change is too far away from the set point value the body creates a response to return the internal environment to homeostasis

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9
Q

positive feedback

A

mechanism in which a change in the body occurs that requires a temporary but immediate response, that response involves allowing the body to deviate from the set point value in order to correct an error somewhere; once the error is corrected, the body quickly returns to homeostasis

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10
Q

axial

A

portion of the body that includes the head & trunk

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11
Q

appendicular

A

portion of the body that includes the upper & lower limbs

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12
Q

cranial cavity

A

cavity that contains the brain

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13
Q

spinal cavity

A

aka the vertebral canal; cavity that contains the spinal cord and surrounded by vertebrae

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14
Q

thoracic cavity

A

the cavity in the body enclosed by the ribs between the diaphragm and the neck and contains the lungs and heart

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15
Q

abdominal cavity

A

the cavity below the chest that contains organs such as the liver, stomach, gallbladder, and intestines

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16
Q

pelvic cavity

A

the cavity bounded by the bones of the pelvis and contains the pelvic viscera such as the urinary bladder, the reproductive organs, and the last part of the large intestine

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17
Q

abdominopelvic cavity

A

both abdominal and pelvic cavities that contains the organs of digestion, reproduction, & exocrine

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18
Q

parietal serous membranes

A

line the walls of the thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes

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19
Q

visceral serous membranes

A

cover the organs within the thoracic and abdominopelvic membranes

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20
Q

serous fluid

A

fluid secreted by serous membrane that lubricates tissues and allows visceral organs to slide without friction

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21
Q

pleural membranes

A

parietal and visceral membranes that line the thoracic cavity and cover the lungs

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22
Q

pericardial membranes

A

parietal and visceral membranes that surround the heart and cover its surface

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23
Q

pleural cavity

A

the potential space between the parietal pleura and visceral pleura

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24
Q

pericardial cavity

A

the potential space between the visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium

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25
Q

peritoneal membranes

A

membranes that line the abdominopelvic cavity and cover the organs inside

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26
Q

integumentary system

A

[1] system that covers the body

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29
Q

skeletal system

A

[1] system that is composed of bones and the ligaments and cartilages that bind bones together

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32
Q

muscular system

A

[1] system that includes all the muscles of the body

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34
Q

nervous system

A

[1] system that consists of the brain, spinal cord, nerves and sense organs

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36
Q

endocrine system

A

[1] system that consists of glands that secrete hormones

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39
Q

digestive system

A

[1] system that receives foods, breaks down nutrients into forms that can pass through cell membranes, and eliminates materials that are not absorbed

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41
Q

respiratory system

A

[1] system that takes in and releases air and exchanges gases between the blood and the air

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43
Q

cardiovascular system

A

[1] system that includes the heart, which pumps blood, and the blood vessels, which carry blood to and from body parts

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45
Q

lymphatic system

A

[1] system that is composed of lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, thymus, & spleen

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48
Q

anatomical position

A

position where you are standing erect, with the face forward, and the upper limbs are at the sides, with the palms forward

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49
Q

superior

A

means a part above another part, or closer to the head

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50
Q

inferior

A

means a part below another part, or toward the feet

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51
Q

anterior

A

(or ventral) means toward the front

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52
Q

posterior

A

(or dorsal) means toward the back

53
Q

medial

A

relates to an imaginary midline that divides the body into equal right & left halves; a part is _____ if it is closer to the midline that another part

54
Q

lateral

A

means toward the side with respect to the imaginary midline

55
Q

proximal

A

describes a part that is closer to the trunk of the body or closer to another specified point of reference than another part

56
Q

distal

A

describes a part that is farther from the trunk or farther from another specified point of reference than another part

57
Q

peripheral

A

means outward or near the surface

58
Q

sagittal

A

refers to a lengthwise cut that divides the body intro right & left portions

59
Q

midsagittal

A

term that refers to the midline, the line that divides the body into equal parts

60
Q

transverse

A

horizontal, refers to a cut that divides the body into superior and inferior portions

61
Q

10 Characteristics of Life?

A

Absorbtion

71
Q

Requirements of an organisim?

A

Water, food, oxygen, heat & pressure.

72
Q

levels of organization?

A

atom, molecule, macromolecule, organelle, cell, tissue,organ, organ system, organisim

73
Q

Structure that provides info about conditions in the internal environment?

A

Receptor

74
Q

An atom that has lost or gained electrons?

A

Ion

75
Q

What reaction is: A+B=AB?

A

Synthesis reaction

76
Q

Chemicals that resist change in ph?

A

Buffers

77
Q

Organic substances always contain what 2 elements?

A

Hydrogen and Carbon

78
Q

What reaction is: AB=A+B?

A

Decomposition Reaction

79
Q

What reaction is: AB+CD=AD+BC?

A

Exchange reaction

80
Q

Attached to the surface of the ER is?

A

Ribosomes

81
Q

If the concentration of glucose is higher in the water outside of a cell, what happens to the water inside?

A

It leaves the cell by osmosis.

82
Q

Phases of the cell cycle?

A

Interphase, mitosis, cytokinesis

83
Q

Apoptosis is…

A

A form of cell death

84
Q

Anabolisim is?

A

The buildup of larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy

85
Q

Enzymes enable chemical reactions in organisims to proceed fast enough to sustain life by…

A

Sending ATP out of cells

86
Q

Anatomy

A

Morphology & observation

87
Q

Physiology

A

Function & experimentation

88
Q

Matter

A

anything that has weight and takes up space

89
Q

Most abundant elements in living organisims?

A

oxygen, carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen

90
Q

Elements

A

composed of atoms

91
Q

An atom consists of?

A

protons, neutrons (nucleus) and electrons

92
Q

Elecrtically nuteral atom

A

Equal number of of protons and electrons

93
Q

Atomic number

A

of protons

94
Q

Atomic weight

A

of protons + neutrons

95
Q

Isotopes

A

Atoms of the same atomic number but diffrent atomic weight

96
Q

Molecule

A

Formed when 2 or more atoms combine

97
Q

Compound

A

Atoms of diffrent elements combinng

98
Q

inert

A

elements that have thier outermost shells filled

99
Q

ionic bond

A

oppositley charged ions attracting

100
Q

covalent bonds

A

When atoms share an electron

101
Q

polar molecule

A

electons are not shared equally in a bond

102
Q

hydrogen bond

A

weak bonds

103
Q

catalyst

A

influence the speed of a reaction

104
Q

electrolytes

A

substances that release ions in water

105
Q

acids

A

electrolytes that release hydrogen in water

106
Q

bases

A

electrolytes release ions that combine with hydrogen ions in water

107
Q

pH

A

the concentration of hydrogen ions in water

108
Q

neutral solution

A

pH of 7

109
Q

Acidic solution

A

pH less than 7

110
Q

Basic solution

A

pH more than 7

111
Q

organic compounds

A

contain hydrogen and carbon

112
Q

saturated fat

A

fatty acids with hydrogen at every position along the carbon chain

113
Q

unsaturated fat

A

double bonds

114
Q

What denatures protiens?

A

pH, heat, radiation, or chemicals

115
Q

RNA

A

functions in protien synthesis

116
Q

DNA

A

stores molecular code in genes

Anatomy (2 decks)

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