Anatomy and Physiology Basics CH. 1

Question 1

Anatomy

Answer 1

The study of the structures of body parts and their relationship to one another.

Question 2

Physiology

Answer 2

The study of the function of the body’s structural machinery

Question 3

Gross Anatomy

Answer 3

Studied using both invasive and noninvasive methods with the goal of obtaining information about the macroscopic structure and organization of organs and organ systems. It can be studied with the naked eye

Question 4

Regional Anatomy

Answer 4

All structures are in one part of the body

Question 5

Systematic Anatomy

Answer 5

Gross anatomy of the body studied by systems

Question 6

Surface Anatomy

Answer 6

Study of internal structures as they relate to overlying skin

Question 7

Microscopic Anatomy

Answer 7

The study of minute anatomical structures assisted with microscopes

Question 8

Cytology

Answer 8

Study of cells

Question 9

Histology

Answer 9

Study of tissue

Question 10

Developmental Anatomy

Answer 10

Traces structural changes throughout life

Question 11

Embryology

Answer 11

The study of developmental changes of the body before birth

Question 12

Pathological Anatomy

Answer 12

study of structural changes caused by disease

Question 13

Radiographic Anatomy

Answer 13

study of internal structures visualized by specialized scanning procedures such as X-ray, MRI, and CT scans

Question 14

Molecular Biology

Answer 14

study of anatomical structures at a subcellular level

Question 15

Cell Physiology

Answer 15

function of the cell

Question 16

Special Physiology

Answer 16

Physiology of specific organs

Question 17

Systematic Physiology

Answer 17

Physiology of systems

Question 18

Pathological Physiology

Answer 18

Effects of disease on organs and system function

Question 19

Levels of Structural Organization

Answer 19

Chemical – Cellular – Tissue – Organ – Organ System– Organism

Question 20

Integumentary System

Answer 20

External body covering. Skin, Sweat glands, oil glands, hair, and nails. Protects deep tissues from injury and synthesizes vitamin D

Question 21

Skeletal System

Answer 21

Bone cartilage and ligaments. Protects and supports body organs. Framework for muscles. Stores minerals and makes blood

Question 22

Muscular System

Answer 22

Muscles and tendons. Allows manipulation of the environment, locomotion, and facial expression. maintains posture. produces heat

Question 23

Nervous System

Answer 23

Brain, Spinal cord, and Nerves. Control system of the body.

Question 24

CNS

Answer 24

Central Nervous System

Question 25

PNS

Answer 25

Peripheral Nervous System

Question 26

Cardiovascular System

Answer 26

Heart and Blood vessels. The heart pumps blood, blood vessels transport blood throughout the body

Question 27

Lymphatic System

Answer 27

Red bone marrow, thymus, spleen, lymph nodes, and lymphatic vessels. picks up leaked fluid and returns it to the blood. disposed of debris. houses white blood cells

Question 28

Respiratory System

Answer 28

Nasal cavity, pharynx, trachea, bronchi, and lungs. Keeps blood supplies with oxygen and removes carbon dioxide

Question 29

Digestive System

Answer 29

Oral cavity (mouth), esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum, anus, and liver. Breaks down food into units that enter the blood. Eliminates indigestible foodstuff as feces

Question 30

Urinary/Renal System

Answer 30

Kidneys, Uterers, Urinary Bladder, and Urethra. Eliminates wastes from the body. Regulates water and electrolytes, and PH balance of the blood

Question 31

Male Reproductive System

Answer 31

Prostate gland, penis, testes, scrotum, and ductus deferens. testes produce sperm and male hormones (testosterone, xy). ducts and glands deliver sperm to the female reproductive tract

Question 32

Female Reproductive System

Answer 32

Mammary glands, ovaries, uterine tubes (fallopian tubes), uterus, and vagina. ovaries produce eggs and female hormones (estrogen, progesterone, xx). site of fertilization and development of fetus. Mammary glands produce milk to nourish newborn.

Question 33

Responsiveness

Answer 33

Ability to sense change in the environment and respond to it

Question 34

Digestion

Answer 34

Breakdown of ingested foodstuff

Question 35

Metabolism

Answer 35

All the chemical reactions that occur in the body

Question 36

Excretion

Answer 36

Removal of waste from the body

Question 37

Cellular Reproduction

Answer 37

original cell divides and produces two identical daughter cells

Question 38

Organismal Reproduction

Answer 38

sperm and egg unite to make a whole new person

Question 39

Growth

Answer 39

Increase in size of a body part or of the organism

Question 40

Homeostasis

Answer 40

ability to maintain a relatively stable internal environment in an ever-changing outside world

Question 41

Receptor

Answer 41

monitors the environment and responds to the changes (stimuli)

Question 42

Control Center

Answer 42

determines the set point at which the variable is maintained

Question 43

Effector

Answer 43

provides the means to respond to stimuli

Question 44

Negative Feedback System

Answer 44

the input shuts off the original stimulus

Question 45

Positive Feedback System

Answer 45

the output enhances or exaggerates the original stimulus

Question 46

Homeostatic Imbalance

Answer 46

Disturbance of homeostasis of the body’s normal equilibrium