Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
The blood that passes through the myocardial capillaries is drained by branches of the cardiac veins that join which largest cardiac vein?
Coronary sinus.
Largest vein that drains the heart. Lies in the groove that separates the atria from the ventricles.
Valve that consists of three separate cusps or flaps, larger in diameter and thinner than the mitral valve. This AV valve lies between the right atrium and right ventricle.
Tricuspid.
This AV valve has two cusps and lies between the left atria and left ventricle:
Mitral or bicuspid valve.
Smaller in diameter than tricuspid but thicker cusps.
The left and right coronary arteries are the two arteries that supply oxygenated blood to the heart. Where are the openings to these arteries located? When do they fill (during systole or diastole)?
Just beyond the semilunar valve.
When the ventricles relax - diastole. Which makes sense when you consider that during systole the blood vessels are being compressed during systolic contraction.
Names of the three main coronary arteries:
- Left Anterior Descending (LAD)
- Circumflex (CX)
- Right Coronary arteries (RCA)
This coronary artery originates from the left side of the aorta.
LCA : Left Coronary Artery
The first segment is called the left main coronary artery. This artery is about the width of a soda straw and less than an inch long.
This coronary artery originates from the right side of the aorta.
RCA : Right Coronary Artery
Which coronary artery supplies blood to:
- Posterior surface of left ventricle (in about 85% of people)
- Inferior surface of left ventricle (in about 85%)
RCA
Also supplies right atrium and ventricle, SA node (in about 60% of population), AV node (in 85-90%), proximal portion of bundle of His, as well as posterior-inferior fascicle of left bundle branch.
This coronary artery circles around the left side of the heart and branches off of the LAD. It’s embedded in the epicardium on the back of the heart:
CX : Circumflex
What does “a positive inotropic effect” mean?
Results in an increase in myocardial contractility.
Inotropic effect refers to a change in myocardial contractility.
What does “a positive inotropic effect” mean?
Results in an increase in myocardial contractility.
Inotropic effect refers to a change in myocardial contractility.
Which occlusion is called “The Widow Maker”?
To the LAD - this prevents oxygenation to most of the heart since the CX branches off of the LAD, only the RCA would remain be operable.
Which coronary artery supplies blood to:
- The left atrium
- Inferior surface of left ventricle (in about 15% of population)
CX - circumflex
Also supplies blood to:
- Part of lateral surface of left ventricle
- Posterior surface of left ventricle (in 15%)
- SA node in 40%
- AV node in 10-15%
Which coronary artery supplies blood to:
- Most of the interventricular septum
- Anterior surface of left ventricle
LAD
Also:
- Most of right bundle branch
- Anterior-superior fascicle of left bundle branch
- Part of posterior-inferior fascicle of left bundle branch
- Part of lateral surface of left ventricle
Specialized nerve tissue (sensors) that are found in the internal carotid arteries and the aortic arch. When they’re stimulated, they cause a reflex response in either the sympathetic or the parasympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system:
Baroreceptors.
Example: if BP decreases the body will attempt to compensate by
- constricting peripheral blood vessels
- increasing HR (chronotropy)
- increasing cardiac contraction (inotropy)
