Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Ligaments
join bone to bone to restrict how much bones can move
Tendons
attach muscles to bones, allowing bones to move when muscles contact
cartilage
acts as a cushion between bones, preventing damage during a joint movement
whats a synovial joint?
ball and socket and hinge joints - a joint that allows a wide range of movement.
what are bones at the synovial joint held together by?
ligaments
what does the synovial membrane release?
synovial fluid into the joint capsule to allow it to move easier (lubricates it)
what does the bursa(e) do?
its a sac of fluid that reduces friction between bones and tissues around the joint
what movement do you use to bend your arm at the elbow?
flexion at the elbow
isometric contraction
the muscle stays the same length and nothing moves
isotonic contraction
the muscle changes length and so something moves
isotonic concentric
when the muscle contracts it gets short and fat
isotonic eccentric
when the muscle contracts its gets longer and thinner
antagonistic muscle pairs at the KNEE
flexion - agonist- hamstrings - antagonist- quadriceps
extension - agonist - quadricepts - antagonist - hamstrings
the muscle contracting is called
the agonist or prime mover
antagonistic muscle pairs at the ELBOW
flexion -agonist - biceps - antagonist - triceps
extension - agonist - triceps - antagonist - biceps
antagonistic muscle pairs at the HIP
flexion - agonist - hip flexors - antagonist - gluteals
extension - agonist - gluteals - antagonist - hip flexors
antagonistic muscle pairs at the ANKLE
plantar flexion - agonist - gastrocnemius - antagonist - tibialis anterior.
dorsiflexion - agonist - tibialis anterior - antagonist - gastrocnemis
diastole
when the heart relaxes and fills with blood
systole
when the heart contacts and pumps the blood out
arteries
carry blood Away from the heart
-thick muscle - carry blood at high pressure
veins
carry blood towards the heart
-large lumen, thin muscle / wall
capillaries
carry blood through the body to exchange gases and nutrients in the body tissue.
-thin wall (1 cell thick)
