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The Integumentary System Chapter 5 > Anatomy and Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

abrasion

A

a scraping or rubbing away of the skin or mucous membrane as a result of friction to the area

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2
Q

abscess

A

a localized collection of pus in any part of the body

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3
Q

albino

A

an individual with a marked deficiency of pigment in the eyes, hair, and skin

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4
Q

alopecia

A

partial or complete loss of hair; baldness. Alopecia may result from normal aging; a reaction such as anticancer medications, an endocrine disorder, o some skin disease

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5
Q

amputation

A

the surgical removal of a part of the body or a limb or a part of a limb; performed to treat recurrent infections or gangrene of a limb

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6
Q

basal layer

A

the deepest of the five layers of the epidermis

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7
Q

blackhead

A

an open comedo, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle

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8
Q

blister

A

a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a vesicle

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9
Q

boil

A

a localize pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a furuncle

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10
Q

bruise

A

a bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissues as a result of a injury to the area; see ecchymosis

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11
Q

bulla

A

a large blister

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12
Q

carbuncle

A

a circumscribed inflammation of the skin and deeper tissues that contains pus, which eventually discharges to the skin surface

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13
Q

cellulitis

A

a diffuse acute infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue, characterized by localized heat, deep redness, pain, and swelling

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14
Q

cerumen

A

ear wax

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15
Q

ceruminous gland

A

a modified sweat gland that lubricates the skin of the ear canal with a yellowish-brown waxy substance called cerumen (or ear wax)

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16
Q

cicatrix

A

a scar; the pale, firm tissue that forms in the healing of a wound

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17
Q

circumscribed

A

confined to a limited space or well-defined area (as if a circle were drawn around it)

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18
Q

collagen

A

the protein substance that forms the glistening inelastic fibers of connective tissue such as tendons, ligaments, and fascia

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19
Q

comedo

A

the typical lesion of acne vulgaris, caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a air follicle (closed comedo = whitehead; open comedo - blachead

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20
Q

contusion

A

an injury to a part of the body without a break in the skin

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21
Q

corium

A

the dermis; the layer of the skin just under the epidermis

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22
Q

cryosurgery

A

a noninvasive treatment that uses subfreezing temperature to freeze and destroy the tissue. Coolants such as liquid nitrogen are used in the metal probe

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23
Q

curettage

A

the process of scraping material from the wall of a cavity or other surface for the purpose of removing abnormal tissue or unwanted material

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24
Q

cutaneous membrane

A

the skin. See integument

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25
Q

cuticle

A

a fold of skin that covers the root of the fingernail or toenail

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26
Q

cyanosis

A

a condition of a bluish discoloration of the skin

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27
Q

cyst

A

a closed sac or pouch in or within the skin that contains fluid, or solid material

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28
Q

debridement

A

removal of debris, foreign objects, and damaged or necrotic tissue from a wound in order to prevent infection and to promote healing

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29
Q

dermatitis

A

inflammation of the skin

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30
Q

dermatologist

A

a physician who specializes in thee treatment of disease and disorders of the skin

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31
Q

dermatology

A

the study of the skin

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32
Q

dermis

A

the layer of skin immediately beneath the epidermis; the corium

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33
Q

diaphoresis

A

the secretion of sweat

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34
Q

ecchymosis

A

a bluish-black discoloration of an area of the skin or mucous membrane caused by an escape of blood into the tissues as a result of injury to the area; also known as a bruise or a black-and-blue mark.

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35
Q

electrodesiccation

A

a technique that uses an electrical spark to urn and destroy tissue; used primarily for removal of surface lesions

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36
Q

epidermis

A

the outermost layer of the skin

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37
Q

epidermoid cyst

A

a cyst filed with a cheesy material composed of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland; also known as sebaceous cyst.

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38
Q

epithelium

A

the tissue that covers the internal and external surfaces of the body

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39
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin due to capillary dilation. An example of erythema is nervous blushing or a mild sunburn

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40
Q

erythremia

A

an abnormal increase in the number of red blood cells; polycythemia vera

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41
Q

erythroderma

A

see erythema

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42
Q

excoriation

A

an injury to the surface of the skin caused by trauma; such ass scratching or abrasions

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43
Q

exfoliation

A

peeling or sloughing off of tissue cells, as in peeling of the skin after a severe sunburn

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44
Q

fissure

A

a cracklike sore or groove in the skin or mucous membrane

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45
Q

fistula

A

an abnormal passageway between two tubular organs (eg. rectum and vagina) or from an organ to the body surface

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46
Q

furuncle

A

a localized pus-producing infection originating deep in a hair follicle; a boil

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47
Q

gangrene

A

death of tissue, most often involving the extremities. Gangrene is usually the result of ischemia (loss of blood supply to an area), bacterial invasion, and subsequent putrefaction (decaying) of the tissue

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48
Q

hair follicle

A

the tiny tube within the dermis that contains the root of hair shaft

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49
Q

hair root

A

the portion of a strand of hair that is embedded in the hair follicle

50
Q

hair shaft

A

the visible part of the hair

51
Q

hemangioma

A

a benign (nonmalignant) tumor that consists of a mass of blood vessels and has a reddish purple color

52
Q

heparin

A

a natural anticoagulant substance produced by the body tissues; heparin is also produced in laboratories for therapeutic use as heparin sodium

53
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive body hair in an adult male distribution pattern, occurring in women

54
Q

histamine

A

a substance (found n all cells) that is released in allergic inflammatory reactions

55
Q

histiocyte

A

macrophage: a large phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells, and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of blood vessels and loose connective tissue

56
Q

hives

A

circumscribed, slightly elevated lesions of the skin tat are paler in the center than its surrounding edges; see wheal

57
Q

hydrocele

A

a collection of fluid located in the area of the scrotal sac in the male

58
Q

ichthyosis

A

an inherited dermatological condition in which the skin is dry, hyperkeratotic (hardened), and fissured - resembling fish scales

59
Q

integument

A

the skin. See cutaneous membrane

60
Q

integumentary system

A

the body system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands

61
Q

keratin

A

a hard fibrous protein found in the epidermis, hair, nails, enamel of the teeth, and horns of animals

62
Q

keratolytic

A

an agent used to break down or loosen the horny (hardened) layer of the skin

63
Q

laceration

A

a tear in the skin

64
Q

lanugo

A

soft, very fine hair that covers the body of the developing fetus; this hairy coating is almost completely gone by birth

65
Q

lesion

A

any visible damage to the tissues o he skin, such as a wound, sore, trash, or boil

66
Q

lipedema

A

an abnormal condition in which there is swelling/enlargement of the lower extremities due to an irregular distribution of at and fluid deposits in the subcutaneous tissues accompanied by tenderness in the affected area. The lower extremities are disproportionately larger than the upper portion of the body. This condition usually affects women (up to 11%). The exact cause of this chronic condition is unknown.

67
Q

lipocyte

A

a fat cell

68
Q

lunula

A

the crescent shaped pale area at the base of the fingernail or toenail

69
Q

macrophage

A

a larger phagocytic cell (cell that ingests microorganisms, other cells and foreign particles) occurring in the walls of the blood vessels and loose connective tissue, see histiocyte

70
Q

macule

A

a small, flat discoloration of the skin that is neither raised nor depressed

71
Q

mast cell

A

a cell (found within the connective tissue) that contains heparin and histamine; these substances are released from he mast cell in response to injury and infection

72
Q

melanin

A

a black or dark pigment (produced by melanocytes within the epidermis) that contributes color to the skin and helps filter ultraviolet light

73
Q

melanocytes

A

cells responsible for producing melanin

74
Q

melanoma

A

darkly pigmented tumor

75
Q

nail body

A

the visible part of the nail

76
Q

necrotizing fasciitis

A

a rare, but serious infection caused by bacteria (such as Group A streptococci) that an destroy skin fat, and the tissue covering the muscles within a very shot time. the bacteria enter he body through a skin wound The symptoms start suddenly after an injury o wound and are more severe then they would normally be with the wound or injury. Immediate medical attention is essential as the infection can spread rapidly and can quickly become life threatening. Necrotizing fasciitis is sometimes called flesh-eating bacteria.

77
Q

nodule

A

a small, circumscribed swelling ;protruding above the skin

78
Q

oil gland

A

one of the many small glands located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin; see sebaceous gland

79
Q

onycholysis

A

separation of a fingernail from its bed, beginning at the free margin. This condition is associated with dermatitis of the hand, psoriasis, and fungal infections

80
Q

onychomycosis

A

any fugal infection of the nails.

81
Q

onychophagia

A

the habit of biting the nails

82
Q

pachyderma

A

abnormal thickening of the skin

83
Q

papule

A

a small, solid, circumscribe

84
Q

paronychia

A

inflammation of the fold of skin surrounding the fingernail; also called runaround

85
Q

pediculosis

A

infestation with lice

86
Q

perspiration

A

the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands, see sweat

87
Q

petechia

A

small, pinpoint hemorrhages of the skin

88
Q

pimple

A

a papule or pustule of the skin

89
Q

polyp

A

a small, stalk-like growth that protrudes upward or outward from a mucous membrane surface, resembling a mushroom stalk

90
Q

pores

A

openings of the skin through which substances such as water, salts and some fatty substances are excreted

91
Q

pressure ulcer

A

n inflammation, sore, or ulcer in the skin over a bony prominence of the body, resulting from loss of blood supply and oxygen to the area due to prolonged pressure on thee body part; also known as a decubitus ulcer or pressure sore.

92
Q

pruritus

A

itching

93
Q

purpura

A

a group of bleeding disorders characterized by bleeding into the skin and mucous membranes, small, pinpoint hemorrhages are known as petechia and larger hemorrhagic areas ae known as ecchymoses or bruises

94
Q

pustule

A

a small elevation of the skin filled with pus; a small abscess

95
Q

scales

A

thin flakes of hardened epithelium shed from the epidermis

96
Q

sebaceous cyst

A

a cyst filled with a cheesy material consisting of sebum and epithelial debris that has formed in the duct of a sebaceous gland; also known as an epidermoid cyst.

97
Q

sebaceous gland

A

an oil gland located in the dermis; its secretions provide oil to the hair and surrounding skin

98
Q

seborrhea

A

excessive secretion of sebum, resulting in excessive oiliness or dry scales

99
Q

sebum

A

the oily secretions of the sebaceous glands

100
Q

skin tags

A

a small brownish or flesh-colored outgrowth of skin occurring frequently on the neck; also known as a a cutaneous papilloma.

101
Q

squamous epithelial cells

A

flat scalelike cells arranged in layers (strata)

102
Q

squamous epithelium

A

the single layer of flattened platelike cells that cover internal and external body surfaces

103
Q

stratified

A

layered; arranged in layers

104
Q

stratum

A

a uniformly thick sheet or layer or cells

105
Q

stratum basale

A

a uniformly thick sheet or layer of cells

106
Q

stratum corneum

A

the outermost layer of the epidermis (consisting of dead cells that have converted to keratin), which continually sloughs off or flakes away; known as the keratinized (or horny) cell layer (kera/o = horn)

107
Q

stretch marks

A

linear tears in the dermis that result from overstretching from rapid growth. They begin as pinkish-blue streaks with jagged edges and may be accompanied by itching. As they heal and lose their color, they remain as silvery-white scar lines, also know as striae

108
Q

subcutaneous tissue

A

the fatty layer of tissue located beneath the dermis

109
Q

subungual hematoma

A

a collection of blood beneath a nail bed, usually the result of trauma (injury)

110
Q

sudoriferous gland

A

a sweat gland

111
Q

sweat

A

the clear, watery fluid produced by the sweat glands; also known as perspiration

112
Q

sweat gland

A

one of the tiny structures within the dermis that produces sweat, which carries waste products to the surface of the skin or excretion; also known as a sudoriferous gland

113
Q

telagiectasia

A

the permanent dilation of groups of superficial capillaries and venules. These dilated vessels may be visible through the skin as tiny red lines. Common causes include but are not limited to rosacea, elevated estrogen levels, and actinic damage

114
Q

ulcer

A

a circumscribed, open sore or lesion of the skin that is accompanied by inflammation

115
Q

urticaria

A

a reaction of the skin in which there is an appearance of smooth, slightly elevated patches (wheals) that are redder or paler than the surrounding skin and often accompanied by severe itching (pruritus).

116
Q

vesicle

A

a small thin-walled skin lesion containing clear fluid; a blister

117
Q

vitiligo

A

a skin disorder characterized by nonpigmented white patches of skin of varying sizes that are surrounded by skin with normal pigmentation

118
Q

wheal

A

a circumscribed, slightly elevated lesion of the skin that is paler in the enter than its surrounding edges, hives

119
Q

whitehead

A

a closed comedo caused by accumulation of keratin and sebum within the opening of a hair follicle; the content within is not easily expressed

120
Q

xanthoderma

A

any yellow coloration of the skin

121
Q

xeroderma

A

a chronic skin condition characterized by toughness and dryness

The Integumentary System Chapter 5 (1 decks)

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