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Anatomy And Physiology > Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

The structure of the body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

How the body functions

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3
Q

Pathophysiology

A

Process that disturbs normal functioning

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4
Q

The lung consist of series of tubes called the….

A

Bronchi

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5
Q

The smallest of the bronchi end in tiny sacs called…..

A

Alveoli

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6
Q

Oxygen is absorbed the the bloodstream and through the….

A

Alveoli

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7
Q

Aristole of greece

A

Made the first recorded attempts to study anatomy in 380 bc

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8
Q

Atoms link together to form….

A

Molecules

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9
Q

Molecules are organized into various structures including

A

Organelles

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10
Q

Organelles

A

The metabolic untis within a cell that performs a specific function necessary to the life of the cell

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11
Q

Mitochondria

A

The powerhouses that furnish the cells energies and nucleus

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12
Q

Organelles are contained within…..

A

Cells

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13
Q

Cells

A

Smallest living units that make up the body’s structure

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14
Q

Cells group together to form

A

Tissues

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15
Q

Tissues

A

Specialized groups of cells with similar structure and functions

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16
Q

Tissues come together to form

A

Organs

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17
Q

Organs

A

Structure of two or more tissue types working together to carry out a specific function. Ex heart, stomach, and kidney

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18
Q

Organs form…

A

Organ systems

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19
Q

Organ systems

A

Groups of organs that all contribute to a particular function to form a human organism

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20
Q

Human organism

A

Individual

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21
Q

Integumentary system

A

Consist of hair skin and nails and its key functions are protection, temp regulation, water retention and sensation

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22
Q

The skeletal system consist of

A

Bones cartilage and ligaments in its key functions are protection of body organs support movement and blood formation

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23
Q

The muscular system consist of

A

Primarily of skeletal muscles key functions or movement posture and heat production

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24
Q

Lymphatic system consist of

A

Lymph nodes lymphatic vessels lymph thymus spleen and tonsils key functions are role in fluid balance production of immune cells defense against disease

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25
Q

Respiratory system consist of

A

Nose pharynx larynx trachea bronchi and lungs. Key functions or absorption of oxygen discharge of carbon dioxide acid base balance and speech

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26
Q

Urinary system consist of

A

Kidneys ureters urinary bladder and urethra key functions are excretion of waste regulation of blood volume and pressure control fluid electrolyte and acid-base balance

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27
Q

Nervis system consist of

A

Brain spinal cord nerves and sense organs the key functions are controlled regulation and coordination of other systems, sensation and memory

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28
Q

Endocrine system consist of

A

Pituitary gland, adrenals, pancreas, thyroid, parathyroid, and other organs key functions are hormone production control in regulation of other systems

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29
Q

Circulatory system consist of

A

Heart arteries veins and capillaries key functions are distribution of oxygen and nutrients and waste and hormones and electrolytes immune sales in antibioties in fluid and electrolyte and acid-base balance

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30
Q

Digestive system consist of

A

Stomach small and large intestines esophagus liver and mouth and pancreas key functions are breakdown and absorption of nutrients and elimination of wastes

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31
Q

Male reproductive system consist of

A

Testes vast deferens prostate seminal vesicles and penis key functions are production and delivery of sperm secretion of sex hormones

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32
Q

Female reproductive system consist of

A

Ovaries fallopian tube’s uterus and vagina and breast key functions are production of eggs site of fertilization and fetal development birth lactation and secretion of sex hormones

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33
Q

Distal

A

Farthest from the point of the origin

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34
Q

Medial

A

Toward the bodies me a line

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35
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the bodies midline

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36
Q

Proximal

A

Closest to the point of origin

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37
Q

Superior

A

Above

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38
Q

Anterior

A

Toward the front of the body

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39
Q

Posterior

A

Toward the back of the body

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40
Q

Superficial

A

At or near the body surface

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41
Q

Deep

A

Away from the body service

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42
Q

Inferior

A

Below

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43
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body lengthwise into right and left sides called a mid sagittal plane if the section is made exactly at midline often used in illustrations to reveal the organs in the head or the pelvic cavity

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44
Q

Transverse plane

A

Divides the body horizontally into upper and lower portions also called a horizontal plane used by CT scan or’s to reveal internal organs

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45
Q

Frontal plane

A

Divides the body lengthwise into anterior and posterior portions also called a coronal plane often used in illustrations to show the contents of the abdominal and thoracic cavities

46
Q

Frontal

A

Forehead

47
Q

Cephallic

A

Head

48
Q

Nasal

A

Nose

49
Q

Orbital

A

Eye

50
Q

Oral

A

Mouth

51
Q

Buccaneers

A

Cheek

52
Q

Cervical

A

Neck

53
Q

Deltoid

A

Shoulder

54
Q

Sternal tc

A

Sternum

55
Q

Pectoral tc

A

Chest

56
Q

Mammary tc

A

Breast

57
Q

Axillary

A

Armpit

58
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

59
Q

Antecubital

A

Front of elbow

60
Q

Abdominal

A

Abdomen

61
Q

Antebrachial

A

Forearm

62
Q

Carpal

A

Wrist

63
Q

Inguinal

A

Groin

64
Q

Palmar

A

Palm

65
Q

Digital

A

Fingers

66
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

67
Q

Patellar

A

Knee

68
Q

Tarsal

A

Ankle

69
Q

Pedal

A

Foot

70
Q

Cranial

A

Surrounding the brain

71
Q

Otic

A

Ear

72
Q

Occipital

A

Back of head

73
Q

Scapular

A

Back shoulders

74
Q

Vertebral column

A

Spine

75
Q

Lumbar

A

Lower back

76
Q

Sacral

A

Above ass crack

77
Q

Gluteal

A

Buttock

78
Q

Popliteal

A

Back of knee

79
Q

Calcaneal

A

Heel

80
Q

Plantar

A

Sole of feet

81
Q

The body contains spaces called

A

Cavities

82
Q

The two major body cavities are the

A

Dorsal in ventral cavity

83
Q

Ventral cavity

A

Located at the front of the body consist of two compartments called the Thoracic and the abdominal pelvic which are separated by the diaphragm

84
Q

What are the three components of homeostasis

A

Receptor which recieves info
Control center which recieves and process info
Effector which responds to signals from the control center

85
Q

The normal ph of blood is…

A

7.35 and its alkaline

86
Q

What makes on acid stronger than the other

A

The more the hydrogen ions produced the stronger the acid

87
Q

What are the four main organic compounds in the body

A

Carbohydrates lipids proteins and nucleic acids

88
Q

What are the building blocks of proteins

A

Amino acids

89
Q

What are the functions of each cell organelle

A
  1. Plasma membrane surrounds the cell and regulates the passage of substances.
  2. Nucleus is the cells control center and contains all the cells genetic info.
  3. Nuclear envelope is a double layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus
  4. Nuclear pore regulate the passage of molecules into the nucleus
  5. Ribosomes is the cells protein producing structure
  6. Cytoplasm is the gel like substance that fills the space between the plasma membrane and nucleus
  7. Golgi apparatus recieves proteins from the endoplasmic reticulum and prepares the packages for them to export
  8. Mitochondria functions the cell power house and produces atp which cells use for energy
  9. Lysosomes destroy bacteria clean out the cell and pinch of pieces of the Golgi apparatus
  10. Cyt framework of the cell determines the cell shape and strengthen the cell
  11. Microbiology are found in the intestines
  12. cila are found in the respiratory tract and Fallopian tube they propel bad stuff
  13. Flagella are found in sperm only make whip like motion for swimming
90
Q

Explain what happens in osmosis

A

Involves diffusion of water down the concentration gradient through the membrane water will go from higher to Lower concentration

91
Q

What is the sodium potassium pump

A

Cells can move ions and other particles to specific areas most important active transport. Transfer sodium from inside to outside the cell and transfer potassium from the extracellular fluid to the cells interior

92
Q

Four main types of tissue

A

Epithelial connective muscular and nervous

93
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is in the kidney

A

Simple cuboidal which is a single layer

94
Q

What type of epithelial tissue is in the respiratory system

A

Pseudostratified columnar

95
Q

Where is transitional epithelium found and what is it special quality

A

Urinary tract and its special qualities are consisting of multiple cell layers and when its stretched the cell layers decrease and cell shape changes from cuboidal squamous

96
Q

What are three different types of muscle tissue and their differences?

A

Skeletal which consist of long thin cells it is voluntary and responsible for breathing,speech, control of urination
Cardiac is found in the heart and it is involuntary
Smooth long spinal shaped cells it lines the walls of many organs control the diameter of blood vessels and control blood pressure and flow

97
Q

What are four main types of connective tissue

A

Adipose stores lipids and consist of large cells
Cartilage hard yet flexible tissue like the ear
Bone cells hard tissue of calcium phosphate and calcium concentration
Blood

98
Q

What types of fibers are found in connective tissue

A

Collagen reticular and elastic

99
Q

What are the three types of cartilage and where are they located

A

Hyaline located where the ribs meet the sternum
Elastic located by the ear and nose
Fibrocartilage is between the vertebrae and in knee joint

100
Q

What is an example of loose and dense connective tissue

A

Loose connective tissue ex: areolar adipose reticular

Dense connective tissue ex: tendons and ligaments

101
Q

Mucous membrane

A

Lines the body surfaces that open directly to the body’s exterior such as the respiratory digestive urinary and reproductive tracts! Secret mucous a watery secretion that coats and protects the cells of the membrane

102
Q

Serous membrane

A

Compose of simple squamous epithelium resting on a thin layer of areola connective tissue and it lines some of the closed body cavities and covers many of those organs

103
Q

What is the difference between endocrine and exocrine gland

A

Endocrine gland secreted hormones and products in the blood and consist of testes organs and more
Exocrine glands secrete their products in their ducts such as sweat

104
Q

What is regeneration

A

Occurs when damaged tissue cells are replaced to same type of cells

105
Q

What is fibrosis

A

Occurs when damaged tissue is replaced with scar tissue which is composed mainly of collagen

106
Q

Stem cell

A

Specialized cell that can differentiate into many different types of cells

107
Q

Membrane

A

Boundary lining that surround a cell

108
Q

Plasmid

A

A gentle structure of a cell that replicate independently of chromosomes typically a small circular of DNA

109
Q

Pathogen

A

Bacteria viruses or other microorganism

110
Q

Microbiome

A

Microorganisms in a particular environment

Anatomy And Physiology (2 decks)

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