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HM Manual. NAVEDTRA 14295B > Anatomy And Physiology > Flashcards

Anatomy And Physiology Flashcards

0
Q

What planes of the body are perpendicular to the sagittal and frontal planes and divide the body into anterior and posterior sections?

A

Frontal planes

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1
Q

What planes divide the body into right and left halves on a vertical axis?

A

Midsagittal plane, the median

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2
Q

What body angle is drawn at right angles to both sagittal and frontal planes, and divides the body into superior and inferior sections?

A

Transverse plane, horizontal plane

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3
Q

What is indicated by the anatomical term, caudal?

A

Toward the lower end of the body

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4
Q

What is the process of absorption, storage, and the use of foods for body growth, maintenance, and repair?

A

The metabolism

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5
Q

What is the body’s self regulating control of internal environment?

A

Homeostasis

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6
Q

What is the smallest unit of life, and the basic structural unit of all living things and a functional unit all by itself?

A

The cell

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7
Q

What has been called “the secret of life”?

A

Protoplasm

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8
Q

What is he typical cell made of?

A

Plasma membrane, nucleus, cytoplasm

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9
Q

What is the process where solids and gasses (oxygen, protein, carbs, and salts) pass through the plasma membrane?

A

Diffusion

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10
Q

What are the 4 main groups of tissues?

A

Epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous

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11
Q

What Re the three types of epithelial tissue?

A

Columnar, squamous, and cuboidal

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12
Q

What is the main protective tissue of the body?

A

Squamous

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13
Q

What are the three types of connective tissue?

A

Areolar, adipose, Osseous

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14
Q

What type of tissue is commonly called fatty tissue?

A

Adipose

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15
Q

What type of tissue is known as bone tissue?

A

Osseous

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16
Q

What are the three types of muscular tissue?

A

Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac

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17
Q

What is the most complex tissue in the body?

A

Nerve

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18
Q

What is the basic cell of nerve tissue?

A

The neuron

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19
Q

How many bones in an adult?

A

206

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20
Q

What gives bones its strength and hardness?

A

Inorganic mineral salts

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21
Q

What bones are classified as long?

A

Femur and humerus

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22
Q

What bones are classified as flat?

A

Skull, sternum, and scapula

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23
Q

What bones are classified as irregular?

A

Vertebrae, mandible, hyoid, pelvic

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24
Q

What are the main divisions of the human skeleton?

A

Axial, appendicular

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25
Q

What’s in the axial skeleton?

A

The skull, vertebrae, and thorax

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26
Q

What is the appendicular skeleton?

A

Bones in the upper and lower extremities

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27
Q

How many bones in the human skull?

A

28

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28
Q

What cranial bone forms the roof of the skull?

A

Parietal bones

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29
Q

What part of the skull is the base and back of the skull and contains a hole called the foreman magnum?

A

The occipital bone

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30
Q

What prominence is responsible for the cheeks?

A

Zygomatic bones

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31
Q

What is the name of the lower jaw?

A

The mandible

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32
Q

What is the mandibles main function?

A

Mastication

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33
Q

What is the name of the first of the 7 cspine vertebrae?

A

The atlas

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34
Q

How many vertebrae are in cspine, tspine, Lspine?

A

7, 12, 5

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35
Q

What is the name for the first 7 ribs attached to the sternum?

A

True ribs

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36
Q

How many carpal bones form the wrist?

A

8

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37
Q

What is formed whenever two bones are attached to each other?

A

A joint

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38
Q

What type of joints are contained within the skull?

A

Immovable

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39
Q

What is the muscle that the mandible to close the jaw?

A

The masseter

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40
Q

What is the primary muscle for respiration?

A

The diaphragm

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41
Q

What site is the preferred site for IM injections?

A

Gluteus muscle

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42
Q

How much fluid is exceeded daily by sweat glands?

A

About 1 liter

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43
Q

What is the key of the red blood cells ability to carry oxygen?

A

Hemoglobin

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44
Q

How long will a red blood cell live in the body?

A

100-120 days

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45
Q

What organ is called the graveyard, where old, worn out cells are removed from the blood stream?

A

The spleen

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46
Q

What is the ratio of red to white blood cells?

A

One white blood cell to 600 red cells.

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47
Q

What membranous sac encloses the heart?

A

The pericardium

48
Q

Where does the right atrium receive deoxygenated blood?

A

Via the superior and inferior vena cava

49
Q

What is contraction of the heart?

A

Systole

50
Q

What is the relaxation of the heart?

A

Diastole

51
Q

What are three distinct classification for blood vessels in the body?

A

Distributors, arteries
Exchangers, capillaries
Collectors, veins

52
Q

What is the name of the large artery going to the arm?

A

The axillary that leads to the brachial

53
Q

What is the artery in your wrist that you can feel?

A

Radial

54
Q

What is the name for the system of vessels that collect blood for he capillaries and carry it back to the heart?

A

Veins

55
Q

What is the largest artery in the body, and is a tube like structure arising from the left ventricle of the heart?

A

The aorta

56
Q

What arteries provide blood to the muscle and skin of the face as well as the brain and the eyes?

A

The carotid arteries

57
Q

What arteries supply blood to the upper extremities, branching off to the back, chest, neck, and brain through the spinal column?

A

The subclavian arteries

58
Q

Where does the aorta divide to supply blood to the lower extremities?

A

Left and right iliacs

59
Q

What does the left and right iliacs become upon entering the thigh?

A

The femoral arteries

60
Q

What is the name for the artery in the knee?

A

The popliteal artery

61
Q

What venous system contains the only veins in the body that carry fresh oxygenated blood?

A

The pulmonary veins

62
Q

What vein is most commonly used for vena puncture?

A

The median cubital

63
Q

Although lymph usually is clear, what is the term for milky lymph that results following ingestion of a fatty meal?

A

Chyle

64
Q

Which part of the lymphatic system gives immunity, resistance, to the effects of a specific disease causing agents?

A

Lymphocytes

65
Q

What is the function of lymph nodes?

A

They act as filters to remove bacteria and particles from the lymph stream, lymph nodes also participate in the manufacture of white blood cells.

66
Q

What is contained in lymph nodes which engulf and destroy foreign substances, damaged cells, and cellular debris?

A

Macrophages

67
Q

What is a lidlike, cartilaginous structure that covers the entrance to the larynx and separates it from the pharynx?

A

Epiglottis

68
Q

What are thin microscopic air sacs found in the lungs?

A

Alveoli

69
Q

Which lung is larger, and why?

A

The right because of the heart resides to the left

70
Q

How many lobes are in the right and left lungs?

A

Right, 3

Left, 2

71
Q

What is the inter-pleural space between the two lungs?

A

Mediastinum

72
Q

What is he primary muscle of respiration?

A

The diaphragm

73
Q

What nerve controls the larynx?

A

The vagus nerve

74
Q

What is the term for labored or difficulty breathing?

A

Dyspnea

75
Q

What are the two major groups of the nervous system?

A

The central nervous system, CNS

The peripheral nervous system, PNS

76
Q

What composes the central nervous system?

A

Brain and spinal cord

77
Q

What are the two major divisions of the brain?

A

The cerebrum and the cerebellum

78
Q

What is the outer surface of the brain and is also called “gray matter”?

A

The cortex

79
Q

What portion of the brain lies underneath the cortex layer and is often called “white matter”?

A

The medulla

80
Q

What part of the cerebrum is associated with higher mental processes such as memory?

A

The frontal lobe

81
Q

What part of the cerebrum is associated with general sensations?

A

The parietal lobe

82
Q

What part of the brain is concerned with bringing balance, harmony, and coordination to the motions initiated by the cerebrum?

A

The cerebellum

83
Q

What two small divisions of the brain form the brain stem and are vital to life?

A

The pons

Medulla oblongata

84
Q

What controls the hearts action, breathing, circulation, and other vital processes such as bloop pressure?

A

The medulla oblongata

85
Q

What is e outer surface of the brain and spinal chord covered with?

A

The meninges

86
Q

What is inflammation of the meninges?

A

Meningitis

87
Q

What number of nerves make up the PNS?

A

12 cranial

31 pairs of spinal nerves

88
Q

Which cranial nerve involves the nose?

A

Olfactory

89
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with the eye?

A

Optic nerve

90
Q

Which cranial nerve moves the muscles of the face?

A

Facial nerve

91
Q

Which cranial nerve is involved with hearing?

A

Acoustic nerve

92
Q

Which cranial nerve is composed of motor fibers?

A

The vagus nerve

93
Q

What cranial nerve moves muscles of the neck?

A

Accessory nerve

94
Q

Which nerve controls the muscle of the tongue?

A

Hypoglossal

95
Q

What is the outer layer of the eye called?

A

The sclera

96
Q

What is the middle eye called?

A

The choroid

97
Q

What is the inner layer of the eye?

A

THe retina

98
Q

What part of the retina is responsible for night visions?

A

Rods

99
Q

What part of the retina is responsible for daytime vision?

A

Cones

100
Q

What are the Bree auditory ossicles in the middle ear which transmit vibrations from the tympanic membrane to the fluid in the inner ear?

A

The malleus, (hammer)
The incus, (anvil)
The stapes, (stirrup)

101
Q

What is often called the master gland of the body?

A

The pituitary gland

102
Q

What is the size and location of the thyroid gland?

A

It’s shaped like a butterfly and is located in the anterior part of the neck below the larynx

103
Q

What is the location of the adrenal glands?

A

Superior part of the kidneys

104
Q

What sex hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex?

A

Androgens, males

Estrogens, female

105
Q

What term refers to the primary sex organ for the reproduction system for males and females?

A

Gonads

106
Q

Where does most food absorption take place?

A

The small intestines

107
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestines?

A

Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum

108
Q

What is the source of the digestive juice bile?

A

The liver

109
Q

What is the source of the digestive juice amylase?

A

Pancreas

110
Q

What amount of time is required for the stomach to empty after a normal meal?

A

It is half empty in an hour and completely empty in six hours

111
Q

What are the three parts of the large intestines?

A

Cecum
Colon
Rectum

112
Q

What amount of saliva is secreted daily?

A

About 1. Liter

113
Q

What is the largest gland in the body?

A

The liver

114
Q

What amount of urine is excreted daily?

A

1-1.500ml

115
Q

What amount of urine can the bladder hold?

A

600ml

116
Q

The desire to urinate may not occur until he bladder contains what amount?

A

250-300ml

117
Q

What is an oocyte?

A

An immature egg cell

HM Manual. NAVEDTRA 14295B (1 decks)

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