Anatomy and physiology Flashcards
What is the axial skeleton?
the bones in your chest, head, neck and back (the middle)
what is the appendicular skeleton?
your limbs, upper and lower extremities
what are the 5 functions of the skeleton?
support, protection, movement, blood production, mineral storage
what is support of the skeleton?
provides a rigid framework to the body, giving it shape and providing sites for skeletal muscle attachment
what is the protection function of the skeleton?
protects the internal organs
e.g - ribs protect lungs and heart
-cranium protects brain
what is the movement function?
the bones provide a large surface area for the attachment of muscles. Long bones provide a system of levers for muscles to pull against.
what is the blood production funtion?
bone marrow provides red and white blood cells
what is mineral storage function?
storage capabilities for vital minerals (e.g calcium and phosphorus)
what are the 3 joint types?
Synovial, Cartilaginous and fibrous
how moveable are synovial joints?
freely moveable
how moveable are cartilaginous joints?
they’re slightly moveable
how moveable are fibrous joints?
they’re immovable
what is an example of a synovial joint?
ball and socket joint
what is an example of a cartilaginous joint?
the vertebral column
what is an example of fibrous joints?
the joint between the teeth and jaw bone
what is a ball and socket joint?
movement in all direction and are the most mobile joints in the body
(synovial)
what are some examples of ball and socket joints?
shoulder and hip
what are some movements in sport that use ball and socket joints?
swimming (butterfly especially), tennis serving and bowling in cricket.
what are hinge joints
they only allow forwards and backwards movements like the hinge on a door. (synovial)
what are some examples of hinge joints
knees and elbows
why are hinge joints good for sports?
because they’re powerful and in conjunction with surrounding muscles can produce power and speed
what are pivot joints?
a ting of bone that fits over a bone that sticks out. allows rotation only. they’re small movements that assist a larger sporting action?
what’s an example of pivot joints?
the joint between atlas and axis in neck to allow turning and nodding of head
what is a sporting example of using pivot joints?
turning your head to breath in swimming
what are condyloid joints?
they’re oval-shaped bones which fit into a similar shape. they allow small movements in all directions
an example of a condyloid joint
between the carpals and metacarpals in the wrist joint
why are condyloid joints useful in sports?
useful when the sport involves gripping a ball
what bones make up the head/neck joint?
cranium
vertebral column
what bones make up the shoulder joint?
Humerus
Scapula
what type of joint is the shoulder?
ball and socket
what bones make up the chest joint?
Ribs
Sternum
what are the bones that make up the elbow joint?
Ulna
Radius
humerus
what type of joint is the chest?
cartilaginous
what type of joint is the elbow?
hinge
what bones make up the wrist?
ulna
radius
carpals
what joint is the wrist?
condyloid
what bones make up the hips?
pelvic girdle
femur
what type of joint is the hip?
ball and socket
what bones make up the knee?
femur
tibia
what type of joint is the knee?
hinge
what bones make up the ankle?
tarsals
fibula
talus
what type of joint is the ankle?
hinge
